Unprotected sexual practices and associated factors among adult people living with HIV on ART in Public Hospitals of Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly increases the life expectancy of HIV positive people by improving quality of life as well as enabling them to resume sexual activity. A growing number of people living with HIV became a source of exposure to sexually transmitted infections, including other strains of HIV that place others at risk unless they consistently use condoms. This study assessed the magnitude of unprotected sexual practices and associated factors among adult people living with HIV on ART in public hospitals of the Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult people living with HIV on ART in public hospitals of the zone from March 1-30, 2016. Data were collected by a pretested and structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate variables, independently associated with the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI used to show the strength of the association and a P-value < 0.05 was used to declare the cut-off point in determining the level of significance. Results the study revealed that 40.9% of respondents practiced unprotected sexual intercourse. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, being females, having more than one sexual partner, mean monthly income of <530 Ethiopian birrs/ month, those who had a seropositive partner, a partner of unknown serostatus, and respondents who had insufficient knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention were statically significant with the outcome variable. Conclusion the scarcity of knowledge on HIV transmission, negative attitude towards condom use, non-disclosure status and having more than one sexual partnership increased likelihood of have unprotected sex among the respondents.

Risky sexual practice and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Six regions and one city administration (Addis Ababa) were represented for this review. Three from the Oromia region [ 7 , 17 , 25 ], four from Addis Ababa city administration [ 19 , 22 , 23 , 33 ], three from South National and Nationalities of People’s Region (SNNPR) [ 16 , 21 , 24 ], four from Amhara region [ 14 , 15 , 32 , 34 ] and one from Gambela region [ 19 ]. No studies were reviewed from Afar, Benishangul Gumez, and Harari and Tigray Regional states of Ethiopia.…”

“…Gender, discussion about safe sex with sexual partner/s, number of current partners (s), and unknown partner’s sero-status (HIV-status) were statistically significant factors for risky sexual practice in Ethiopia from previous primary studies, which we considered in this review. Three studies [ 16 , 17 , 19 ], were examined in this study to determine the relationship between risky sexual practices and gender. According to the findings of these three studies, there is no statistically significant association between risky sexual practices and gender [AOR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.36–218] ( Fig 6 ).…”

“…Three studies [ 16 , 22 , 25 ] have been evaluated to check the presence of an association between risky sexual practice and the number of current partners (s). According to the findings of these three studies, there is no statistically significant association between risky sexual practices and gender [AOR = 1.90; 95%CI: 0.53, 6.84] ( Fig 8 ).…”

“…Three primary studies were assessed that showed a significant association between risky sexual practice and partners sero-status [ 16 , 22 , 24 ]. In our meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant association between PLWHA and positive sexual partners (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.17, 1.35] ( Fig 9 ).…”

“…The prevalence of risky sexual practices varies by country, ranging from 23% to 58% [ 8 , 11 , 13 ]. In Ethiopia, the risky sexual practices among PLWHA receiving ART ranged from 22% to 79.8% [ 7 , 14 – 24 ], with the most prevalent factors associated with risk sexual practice being a lack of discussion about safe sex with their partner/s, an unknown partner’s serostatus, and having multiple sexual partners [ 16 – 18 , 22 , 24 , 25 ].…”