Unraveling nonlinear and interaction effects of multilevel built environment features on outdoor jogging with explainable machine learning

Comparing Differences in Jogging Support across Various Land Use Types in Urban Built-Up Areas Using User-Recommended Routes

“…Greenery, scenic beauty, accessibility, lighting, cleanliness, vehicles, green space, landscapes, and waterfront spaces garner less attention. These environmental factors, while not as prominently regarded as the previous category, still hold significant influence, reflecting findings from existing studies [14,16,19,24,52,56,62]. Most of these factors exhibited variations in performance across different land use types and need to be considered separately in the process of environmental improvement for each land use type.…”

“…The classification of environmental perception and environmental elements was primarily based on the part of speech of the words, while the categorization of factors mainly stems from the study of literature related to jogging. Environmental perception factors involve abstract spatial sensations, predominantly represented by adjectives, including safety [47,48], vibrancy [28], cleanliness [49], slope [25], width [15,50], accessibility [14,19], connectivity [28], air quality [22,51], scenic beauty [14,18], greenery [23,24], lighting [52,53], soundscape [28], and temperature [20,54]. Environmental elements factors primarily include concrete spatial entities, represented mostly by nouns, including vehicles [51,53], pedestrians [14,32], traffic infrastructure [28,55], landscape [14], green space [24,50], waterfront space [26,32], service facilities [14,15], lighting facilities [52,53], pavement [48,56], culture [57], buildings [15,58], and vertical elements [25].…”

“…Recent studies have explored the relationship between the built environment and jogging [14][15][16][17][18]. Some environmental factors related to jogging have already been studied, such as accessibility [19], temperature [20], air quality [21,22], greenery [23,24], and slope [25]. However, these studies often concentrate on a single type of land use environment, such as streets [15], parks [26], or greenways [27], with limited analyses comparing different land use types.…”

Identifying Street Environmental Factors That Attract Public Attention from the Jogger’s Perspective: A Multiscale Spatial Exploration

“…In recent years, the impact of the street environment on jogging has increasingly gained attention. Studies have explored both linear [2,20] and nonlinear [21][22][23] correlations between various environmental factors and jogging behavior, including but not limited to traffic facilities [2,24], natural exposure [2,25], accessibility [12], and climate [26]. However, many environmental factors used in research are pre-selected based on expert experience and previous literature [27,28], potentially overlooking or neglecting factors that joggers focus on.…”