Unraveling the immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in dairy cows

Casaro, S.; Prim, J.G.; Gonzalez, T.D.; Bisinotto, R.S.; Chebel, R.C.; Marrero, M.G.; Silva, A.C.M.; Santos, J.E.P.; Nelson, C.D.; Laporta, J.; Jeon, S.J.; Bicalho, R.C.; Driver, J.P.; Galvão, K.N.

doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23289

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It has been assumed that infections in which there are many and large cysts (which are more likely in older cattle due to the duration over which cysts have developed) will have a greater effect on weight, if there is any effect at all 38 . However, it is also possible that earlier, active infections in younger cattle stimulate an immune response to the disease process (and thus, cause reduced weight, as can be observed with other diseases in cattle 39 , 40 ) than chronic infections in older cattle in which cysts are already walled off. The level of infection was not differentiated in cattle in the current study although was explored in a previous study in cattle processed in Australia from a wide geographic catchment area 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) on carcase weight in cattle in eastern Australia

Brookes,

Barnes,

Jenkins

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Cystic echinococcosis is caused by the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. There has been ongoing controversy over whether it causes weight loss in cattle. Recently implemented recording of comorbidities at processors has provided opportunity to investigate this effect. Using prevalence-based observational data from 1,648,049 adult cattle processed in seven states and territories in Australia (2019–2022), we explored associations between carcase weight, hydatid cysts, comorbidities, sex, age, and region. Linear mixed-effect regression models estimated the effect of cystic echinococcosis on carcase weight, guided by directed acyclic graphs to reduce bias. The highest, previously unreported, prevalence was in the southeast Queensland region. The estimated effect of cystic echinococcosis cysts on carcase weight ranged from a gain of 0.32 kg/carcase (standard error [se] 0.58 kg; two-tooth 2022) to a loss of −5.45 kg/carcase (se 0.63 kg; six-tooth 2019) with most point estimates (11/16) between 0 and −2.5 kg across all cattle grouped by year and dentition. This effect size would be practically undetectable in live cattle which is an important finding; cattle producers are unlikely to observe increased productivity through weight gain from cystic echinococcosis prevention in cattle, and awareness to strengthen prevention in domestic dogs around cattle properties to reduce human risk remains a public health focus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) on carcase weight in cattle in eastern Australia

Brookes,

Barnes,

Jenkins

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Downregulation of the immune response against uterine pathogens may predispose dairy cows to metritis development. We have previously shown that cows with metritis had a reduction in monocyte and T-helper activation in the peripheral blood [ 8 ], and plasma metabolomic changes associated with a reduction in leukocyte activation on the day of metritis diagnosis [ 9 ]. We hypothesize that the greater levels of hydrocinnamic acids, potentially produced by opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, may be contributing to the immune dysregulation observed in the peripheral blood of cows with metritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum [ 6 ]. Therefore, whether opportunistic pathogenic bacteria proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined either by how efficiently the immune system respond to invading pathogens [ 8 , 9 ] or by the type of substrates present inside the uterus shortly after calving. For instance, lesser abundance of lactic acid has been identified in the uterus of cows with metritis when compared with cows without metritis [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating uterine microbiome and metabolome to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis

Casaro,

Prim,

Gonzalez

et al. 2024

anim microbiome

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Background Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum, after which there is a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiome characterized by a shift towards opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Whether these opportunistic pathogens proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined by the type of substrates present in the uterus. The objective of this study was to integrate uterine microbiome and metabolome data to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows that develop metritis. Holstein cows (n = 104) had uterine fluid collected at calving and at the day of metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (n = 52) were paired with cows without metritis (n = 52) based on days after calving. First, the uterine microbiome and metabolome were evaluated individually, and then integrated using network analyses. Results The uterine microbiome did not differ at calving but differed on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows with and without metritis. The uterine metabolome differed both at calving and on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows that did and did not develop metritis. Omics integration was performed between 6 significant bacteria genera and 153 significant metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Integration was not performed at calving because there were no significant differences in the uterine microbiome. A total of 3 bacteria genera (i.e. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides) were strongly correlated with 49 metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Seven of the significant metabolites at calving were among the 49 metabolites strongly correlated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on the day of metritis diagnosis. The main metabolites have been associated with attenuation of biofilm formation by commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria overgrowth, tissue damage and inflammation, immune evasion, and immune dysregulation. Conclusions The data integration presented herein helps advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. The identified metabolites may provide a competitive advantage to the main uterine pathogens Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, and may be promising targets for future interventions aiming to reduce opportunistic pathogenic bacteria growth in the uterus.

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A randomized trial on the effects of heat abatement during the pre-weaning phase on growth and reproductive performance of heifers and health, reproductive and productive performances of cows

Montevecchio,

Chebel

2024

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Unraveling the immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in dairy cows

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

The effect of cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) on carcase weight in cattle in eastern Australia

The effect of cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) on carcase weight in cattle in eastern Australia

Integrating uterine microbiome and metabolome to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis

A randomized trial on the effects of heat abatement during the pre-weaning phase on growth and reproductive performance of heifers and health, reproductive and productive performances of cows

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