Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Szczęśniak, Dorota; Lenart‐Bugla, Marta; Misiak, Błażej; Zimny, Anna; Sąsiadek, Marek; Połtyn–Zaradna, Katarzyna; Zatońska, Katarzyna; Zatoński, Tomasz; Szuba, Andrzej; Smith, Eric E.; Yusuf, Salim; Rymaszewska, Joanna

doi:10.3390/ijerph191912228

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…1) "Covered cerebral ischaemia as an early marker of dementia -retro-and prospective evaluation based on Polish population cohort study", which aimed to detect significant risk factors for the development of dementia and to analyse the severity and significance of hidden cerebral ischaemia using multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enabling detailed qualitative and quantitative in vivo assessment of vascular changes in the brain. The impact of latent ischaemia on the cognitive function of subjects in different age groups was determined, considering a wide panel of health and environmental factors, as well as retro-and prospective observations [37][38][39].…”

Section: Impact Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of epidemiological research in public health using the PURE Poland study as an example

Połtyn-Zaradna,

Basiak-Rasała,

Zatońska

2023

jhi

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Epidemiology is a unique science that identifies the incidence and distribution of diseases and their risk factors. An example of response to this need is the "Prospective Epidemiological Study of Urban and Rural Populations" (PURE), conducted in 27 countries around the world, including Poland, which is a unique multi-year cohort study of more than 150,000 people. The purpose of the PURE study is a prospective, multilevel observation of the development of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. The Polish cohort includes 2036 people from urban and rural areas with a rate response of 88.2% over 15 years. The main research focus of the analyses of the data collected in the Polish PURE cohort during the multiyear follow-up period was on the incidence and determinants of chronic non-communicable diseases. The results of the PURE study help in understanding the development of cardiovascular diseases and provide a unique opportunity for research and respond to the need to create guidelines, recommendations, and health policies in line with evidence-based medicine. Its results are compelling evidence pointing to the need to continue to create, develop, and maintain regional and global observational cohorts over many years.

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Section: Impact Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of epidemiological research in public health using the PURE Poland study as an example

Połtyn-Zaradna,

Basiak-Rasała,

Zatońska

2023

jhi

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The Influence of Structural Brain Changes on Cognition in the Context of Healthy Aging: Exploring Mediation Effects Through gBAT—The Graphical Brain Association Tool

Rangus,

Teghipco,

Newman‐Norlund

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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The contribution of age‐related structural brain changes to the well‐established link between aging and cognitive decline is not fully defined. While both age‐related regional brain atrophy and cognitive decline have been extensively studied, the specific mediating role of age‐related regional brain atrophy on cognitive functions is unclear. This study introduces an open‐source software tool with a graphical user interface that streamlines advanced whole‐brain mediation analyses, enabling researchers to systematically explore how the brain acts as a mediator in relationships between various behavioral and health outcomes. The tool is showcased by investigating regional brain volume as a mediator to determine the contribution of age‐related brain volume loss toward cognition in healthy aging. We analyzed regional brain volumes and cognitive testing data (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) from a cohort of 131 neurologically healthy adult participants (mean age 50 ± 20.8 years, range 20–79, 73% females) drawn from the Aging Brain Cohort Study at the University of South Carolina. Using our open‐source tool developed for evaluating brain‐behavior associations across the brain and optimized for exploring mediation effects, we conducted a series of mediation analyses using participant age as the predictor variable, total MoCA and MoCA subtest scores as the outcome variables, and regional brain volume as potential mediators. Age‐related atrophy within specific anatomical networks was found to mediate the relationship between age and cognition across multiple cognitive domains. Specifically, atrophy in bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital areas, along with widespread subcortical regions mediated the effect of age on total MoCA scores. Various MoCA subscores were influenced by age through atrophy in distinct brain regions. These involved prefrontal regions, sensorimotor cortex, and parieto‐occipital areas for executive function subscores, prefrontal and temporo‐occipital regions, along with the caudate nucleus for attention and concentration subscores, frontal and parieto‐occipital areas, alongside connecting subcortical areas such as the optic tract for visuospatial subscores and frontoparietal areas for language subscores. Brain‐based mediation analysis offers a causal framework for evaluating the mediating role of brain structure on the relationship between age and cognition and provides a more nuanced understanding of cognitive aging than previously possible. By validating the applicability and effectiveness of this approach and making it openly available to the scientific community, we facilitate the exploration of causal mechanisms between variables mediated by the brain.

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Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

The role of epidemiological research in public health using the PURE Poland study as an example

The role of epidemiological research in public health using the PURE Poland study as an example

The Influence of Structural Brain Changes on Cognition in the Context of Healthy Aging: Exploring Mediation Effects Through gBAT—The Graphical Brain Association Tool

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