Unraveling the scientific perspectives of citrus by-products utilization: Progress towards circular economy

Panwar, Divyani; Saini, Anuradha; Panesar, Parmjit S.; Chopra, Harish Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.018

Cited by 103 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In this regard, different sustainable and green methodologies for the effective reuse of waste have been recently developed. Protocols for the recovery of valuable compounds include different steps: (i) extraction (i.e., enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid, pressurized liquid extractions); (ii) separation and purification (via filtration and chromatographic techniques); (iii) identification and characterization (through NMR, mass spectroscopy or chromatography); (iv) toxicological screening both in vitro and in vivo [ 26 , 46 , 64 , 72 ]. Alternatively, conversion of CF waste into biofuels can be performed through thermochemical and biochemical processes such as pyrolysis, thermolysis, gasification, combustion [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has been estimated a total cost to produce ethanol using 100,000 tons/years waste of 0.91 USD/L, assuming a cost of 10 USD/ton associated to handling and transportation to the biorefinery [ 25 ]. Anyway, due to its heterogeneity, CF waste is considered a valuable economic and renewable source for cosmetic (i.e., to obtain skin care products such as soaps, lotions, body sprays, essential oils), pharmaceutical and health (i.e., for the production of nutraceuticals, functional foods) industries [ 26 ]. Moreover, these re-use strategies could allow food industries to reduce the amount of waste and the costs of its disposal as organic matter, obtaining new commercial products (i.e., food packaging, production of antimicrobials, encapsulating agents, additives and prebiotics).…”

Section: Citrus Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

et al. 2021

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Citrus fruits (CF) are among the most widely cultivated fruit crops throughout the world and their production is constantly increasing along with consumers’ demand. Therefore, huge amounts of waste are annually generated through CF processing, causing high costs for their disposal, as well as environmental and human health damage, if inappropriately performed. According to the most recent indications of an economic, environmental and pharmaceutical nature, CF processing residues must be transformed from a waste to be disposed to a valuable resource to be reused. Based on a circular economy model, CF residues (i.e., seeds, exhausted peel, pressed pulp, secondary juice and leaves) have increasingly been re-evaluated to also obtain, but not limited to, valuable compounds to be employed in the food, packaging, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the use of CF by-products is still limited because of their underestimated nutritional and economic value, hence more awareness and knowledge are needed to overcome traditional approaches for their disposal. This review summarizes recent evidence on the pharmacological potential of CF waste to support the switch towards a more environmentally sustainable society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Citrus Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

et al. 2021

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“…The extraction of these bioactive compounds from the citrus fruits and their by-products can be done using conventional extraction techniques (maceration, hydrodistillation, solvent extraction) and via green extraction approaches (enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pulse electric field extraction). Various extraction strategies have been recently reviewed; hence, we have limited this aspect in the current review [ 19 ].…”

Section: Phytochemical and Nutritional Profile Of Citrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus Genus and Its Waste Utilization: A Review on Health-Promoting Activities and Industrial Application

Khan

Sameen

Aadil

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, lemons, limes, tangerines, and mandarins, whose production is increasing every year with the rise of consumer demand, are among the most popular fruits cultivated throughout the globe. Citrus genus belongs to the Rutaceae family and is known for its beneficial effects on health for centuries. These plant groups contain many beneficial nutrients and bioactive compounds. These compounds have antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activities. Citrus waste, generated by citrus-processing industries in large amounts every year, has an important economic value due to richness of bioactive compounds. The present review paper has summarized the application and properties of Citrus and its waste in some fields such as food and drinks, traditional medicine practices, and recent advances in modern approaches towards pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.

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“…Production and consumption trends are different in these countries; however, 147 million tonnes of citrus are produced annually (Khan, 2021). Approximately 25% of citrus fruits are processed in the food industry to produce citrus juices/citrus‐based drinks, jams, marmalades and dehydrated citrus‐based products (Panwar et al ., 2021). Considering that the disposal of food by‐products of plant origin represents both a cost for the industrial operator and a potential negative impact on the environment, the wastes could be used as sources to extract and to isolate potential bioactive compounds of commercial interest, such as proteins, polysaccharides, fibres, aromatic compounds, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamins, which can be used in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries (Alexandre et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive compounds extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide from citrus peels

Romano

Luca

Aiello

et al. 2022

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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This work investigated the extraction of bioactive compounds from citrus peels, an agri-food waste. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), an eco-friendly solvent, was used under liquid and supercritical conditions to perform the extractions from orange, tangerine and lemon peels. The possibility of using ethanol as a cosolvent at small percentages up to 20% was also studied. The extraction yield, total polyphenolic content, individual polyphenolic profile, antiradical activity and volatile organic compounds of the extracts were evaluated.The highest yields were obtained when 20% ethanol was used as a cosolvent in both liquid (at 20 MPa and 20 °C) and supercritical (at 30 MPa and 60 °C) CO 2 extraction. In addition, the extracts obtained with liquid CO 2 + 20% ethanol showed the highest content of naringin (35.26, 44.05 and 19.86 mg g -1 in orange, tangerine and lemon peel extracts, respectively) and terpenes, in particular limonene. This type of extract also showed the highest antiradical activity (31.78-59.51 µmolTE g -1 ) as measured by both ABTSÁ+ and DPPHÁ.These findings show that the extraction with a liquid CO 2 and ethanol mixture could be a valid alternative to traditional solvent extraction using 80% less organic solvent and producing extracts with high antiradical capacity and rich in volatile organic compounds.

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Unraveling the scientific perspectives of citrus by-products utilization: Progress towards circular economy

Cited by 103 publications

References 78 publications

The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

Citrus Genus and Its Waste Utilization: A Review on Health-Promoting Activities and Industrial Application

Bioactive compounds extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide from citrus peels

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