Unravelling biotic versus abiotic processes in the development of large sulfuric-acid karsts

Laurent, Dimitri; Barré, Guillaume; Durlet, Christophe; Cartigny, Pierre; Carpentier, Cédric; Paris, Guillaume; Collon, Pauline; Pironon, Jacques; Gaucher, Eric C.

doi:10.1130/g50658.1

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some limestone caves originate from carbonate rock dissolution by H 2 S- and H 2 SO 4 -rich water, and therefore they are called SAS caves ( Rossmassler et al, 2012 ; Gulecal-Pektas and Temel, 2017 ; de Bruin et al, 2022 ). Although both biotic and abiotic processes are implicated in the development of large sulfuric-acid karsts ( Laurent et al, 2023 ), SAS caves are typically considered hypogenic since they originate from the action of water ascending from the depths of the Earth ( Forti et al, 2002 ). This water contains high concentrations of aggressive substances, primarily H 2 S, and rises through rock fissures and tectonic over-pressuring or hydraulic gradients from sediment basins of the volcanic source to the surface ( Figure 2B ).…”

Section: Main Cave Systems and Microbial Colonization Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geomicrobiology of limestone, sulfuric acid speleogenetic, and volcanic caves: basic concepts and future perspectives

Turrini,

Chebbi,

Riggio

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Caves are ubiquitous subterranean voids, accounting for a still largely unexplored surface of the Earth underground. Due to the absence of sunlight and physical segregation, caves are naturally colonized by microorganisms that have developed distinctive capabilities to thrive under extreme conditions of darkness and oligotrophy. Here, the microbiomes colonizing three frequently studied cave types, i.e., limestone, sulfuric acid speleogenetic (SAS), and lava tubes among volcanic caves, have comparatively been reviewed. Geological configurations, nutrient availability, and energy flows in caves are key ecological drivers shaping cave microbiomes through photic, twilight, transient, and deep cave zones. Chemoheterotrophic microbial communities, whose sustenance depends on nutrients supplied from outside, are prevalent in limestone and volcanic caves, while elevated inorganic chemical energy is available in SAS caves, enabling primary production through chemolithoautotrophy. The 16S rRNA-based metataxonomic profiles of cave microbiomes were retrieved from previous studies employing the Illumina platform for sequencing the prokaryotic V3-V4 hypervariable region to compare the microbial community structures from different cave systems and environmental samples. Limestone caves and lava tubes are colonized by largely overlapping bacterial phyla, with the prevalence of Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota, whereas the co-dominance of Pseudomonadota and Campylobacterota members characterizes SAS caves. Most of the metataxonomic profiling data have so far been collected from the twilight and transient zones, while deep cave zones remain elusive, deserving further exploration. Integrative approaches for future geomicrobiology studies are suggested to gain comprehensive insights into the different cave types and zones. This review also poses novel research questions for unveiling the metabolic and genomic capabilities of cave microorganisms, paving the way for their potential biotechnological applications.

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Section: Main Cave Systems and Microbial Colonization Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geomicrobiology of limestone, sulfuric acid speleogenetic, and volcanic caves: basic concepts and future perspectives

Turrini,

Chebbi,

Riggio

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a highly hazardous gas used and generated in this industry, poses a significant risk [1,2]. This colorless, corrosive, explosive, and flammable acid gas is highly soluble in water and produces hydrosulfuric acid [3]. The severity of the health effects of H 2 S varies depending on its concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline Composites Containing Eco-Friendly Biomass Carbon from Agricultural-Waste Coconut Husk for Enhancing Gas Sensor Performance in Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Luo,

Yan,

Hung

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Hydrogen sulfide, a colorless, flammable gas with a distinct rotten egg odor, poses severe health risks in industrial settings. Sensing hydrogen sulfide is crucial for safeguarding worker safety and preventing potential accidents. This study investigated the gas-sensing performance of an electroactive polymer (i.e., polyaniline, PANI) and its composites with active carbon (AC) (i.e., PANI-AC1 and PANI-AC3) toward H2S at room temperature. PANI-AC composites-coated IDE gas sensors were fabricated and their capability of detecting H2S at concentrations ranging from 1 ppm to 30 ppm was tested. The superior gas-sensing performance of the PANI-AC composites can be attributed to the increased surface area of the materials, which provided increased active sites for doping processes and enhanced the sensing capability of the composites. Specifically, the incorporation of AC in the PANI matrix resulted in a substantial improvement in the doping process, which led to stronger gas-sensing responses with higher repeatability and higher stability toward H2S compared to the neat PANI-coated IDE sensor. Furthermore, the as-prepared IDE gas sensor exhibited the best sensing response toward H2S at 60% RH. The use of agricultural-waste coconut husk for the synthesis of these high-performance gas-sensing materials promotes sustainable and eco-friendly practices while improving the detection and monitoring of H2S gas in industrial settings.

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Corrosion of calcite speleothems in epigenic caves of Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

Faimon,

Baldík,

Štelcl

et al. 2024

Environ Earth Sci

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Corrosion processes were studied in epigenic caves of the Moravian Karst (MK). Samples of naturally corroded speleothems and carbonate rocks collected in various MK caves were compared with limestone and calcite standards that were corroded under well-controlled conditions in the laboratory. Two stages of corrosion were distinguished: (1) an early stage of pitting and linear corrosion predisposed by point and line defects in the standards, and (2) an advanced stage characterized by deep corrosion of the entire standard surface. During the second stage, the internal structure of the corroded substrate remained partially preserved, however, if the water was extremely aggressive, the corrosion progressed to depth en-bloc regardless of the structure. In this paper, we (1) proposed a new corrosion mechanism based on the binding of aqueous calcium by clays and tested it experimentally in the cave, (2) characterized conditions that generally favor the formation of aggressive waters (water undersaturated with calcite) into seven categories incorporating them into a conceptual model of the karst vertical profile, and (3) discussed anthropogenic influences on these processes.

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Unravelling biotic versus abiotic processes in the development of large sulfuric-acid karsts

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

The geomicrobiology of limestone, sulfuric acid speleogenetic, and volcanic caves: basic concepts and future perspectives

The geomicrobiology of limestone, sulfuric acid speleogenetic, and volcanic caves: basic concepts and future perspectives

Polyaniline Composites Containing Eco-Friendly Biomass Carbon from Agricultural-Waste Coconut Husk for Enhancing Gas Sensor Performance in Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Corrosion of calcite speleothems in epigenic caves of Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

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