Unravelling genetic diversity of South Indian rice landraces based on yield and its components

Abstract

Traditional varieties are considered as key natural resources necessary to maintain future food security in the current climate change era. Conserving these traditional varieties are the need of the hour as they harbour many valuable genes which could be exploited for crop breeding. Genetic diversity for morphological traits in a population can be assessed using a variety of techniques, including univariate and multivariate analysis. A diverse panel of 60 traditional landraces of rice was evaluated for 14 the pattern of genetic diversity and relationship based on morphological traits by multivariate analysis like Mahalanobis' D 2 and principal component analyses and correlation analysis was utilized to examine the association among morphological traits. The 60 genotypes were grouped in to eight clusters based on cluster analysis. Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative variance of 74.41 % of total variation among 14 characters was explained by the first five axes. Study of association among traits indicated that direct selection based on the traits such as number of grains per panicle, flag leaf length, kernel length, length to breadth ratio and hundred seed weight would be the traits of top priority for yield improvement in rice.

Understanding the Genetic Basis of Yield-related Traits in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.) Germplasm through Association and Diversity Analysis

“…The results suggest that the genotypes within cluster VIII displayed a relatively higher level of diversity among themselves. This finding is consistent with previous reports by Madhavilatha et al (2020), Venkataratnam et al (2019), Sujata et al (2021), Shanmugam et al (2023), Suthediya et al (2021) and Suryanarayana and Sekhar (2018), Negi et al (2017) and Shinde et al (2013) which also demonstrated substantial genetic diversity. Clusters IX, X, XI, XII and XIII had intra cluster distance values of zero because they contained only one genotype each.…”

“…Highest peduncle length was recorded about 14.00 cm in cluster XII and lowest peduncle length recorded about 7.65 cm in cluster III. Cluster VII had the highest dry fodder yield at 16.15 g, while cluster XIII had the lowest dry fodder yield at 1.50 g. Cluster XI showed a high single plant grain yield (g) at 9.85 g, while cluster XII had a low single plant grain yield at 0.68 g. This suggests that the genotypes within these clusters could be selectively utilized to improve specific traits in plant breeding programs [Devaliya et al (2017), Patel et al (2018) and Shanmugam et al (2023)].…”

Genetic Variability and Cause-Effect Relationship in Aromatic Rice

“…The rest of the characters have heritability estimates greater than 70% but less than 90%. Similar results were reported by Roy and Shil (2020), Keerthiraj and Biju (2020), Akhtar et al (2022), Challa et al (2022), Kulsum et al (2022), Singh et al (2022), Sadhu et al (2023), Shanmugam et al (2023).…”

Characterization of Traditional Rice Varieties for Leaf Blast Resistant Genes Pi5, Pi54, Pi9 and Pi2 using Gene Specific Markers

“…A large number of germplasms may be quickly and simply evaluated for the existence of blast resistance with the help of gene-specific molecular markers without the need for a comprehensive disease screening (Fjellstrom et al, 2004). Traditional landraces which act as a reservoir, having a superior alleles for various stresses (Shanmugam et al, 2023). These have not been widely utilized or incorporated into modern varieties.…”