Unravelling Middle to Late Jurassic palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic signals in the Hebrides Basin using belemnite clumped isotope thermometry

Vickers, Madeleine L.; Fernández, Álvaro; Hesselbo, Stephen P.; Price, Gregory D.; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Lode, Stefanie; Ullmann, Clemens V.; Thibault, Nicolas; Hougaard, Iben Winther; Korte, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116401

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…as the belemnite skeleton lay on the seafloor) biases belemnite calcite to colder temperatures 33 , although this is disputed by other geochemical studies 34 , 35 . Furthermore, clumped isotope studies comparing the (visibly) porous apical area to the (less visibly porous) rest of the belemnite rostrum return colder temperatures for the apical area, contradicting a diagenetic cause 35 . Biomarker-based (TEX 86 ) temperature reconstructions for shallow-buried (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Yet this does not explain how belemnites may give colder temperatures than co-occurring benthic biotic calcites 3 , 6 , 8 , 11 , 31 . Clumped isotope thermometry reconstructs belemnite calcite temperatures closer to sea surface temperatures than bottom water temperatures, considerably warmer than oxygen isotope thermometry 35 , 37 – 41 . This suggests that either belemnites inhabited highly saline waters (with δ 18 O sw elevated by evaporation), or that the standard calcite thermometry equations are inappropriate for belemnite calcite 35 , 37 – 41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been hypothesised that belemnites may have been migratory to areas of colder and/or isotopically distinct waters 31 , 32 , or that early diagenetic infill (i.e. as the belemnite skeleton lay on the seafloor) biases belemnite calcite to colder temperatures 33 , although this is disputed by other geochemical studies 34 , 35 . Furthermore, clumped isotope studies comparing the (visibly) porous apical area to the (less visibly porous) rest of the belemnite rostrum return colder temperatures for the apical area, contradicting a diagenetic cause 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

Vickers

Bernasconi

Ullmann

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Understanding the Earth’s climate system during past periods of high atmospheric CO2 is crucial for forecasting climate change under anthropogenically-elevated CO2. The Mesozoic Era is believed to have coincided with a long-term Greenhouse climate, and many of our temperature reconstructions come from stable isotopes of marine biotic calcite, in particular from belemnites, an extinct group of molluscs with carbonate hard-parts. Yet, temperatures reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of belemnites are consistently colder than those derived from other temperature proxies, leading to large uncertainties around Mesozoic sea temperatures. Here we apply clumped isotope palaeothermometry to two distinct carbonate phases from exceptionally well-preserved belemnites in order to constrain their living habitat, and improve temperature reconstructions based on stable oxygen isotopes. We show that belemnites precipitated both aragonite and calcite in warm, open ocean surface waters, and demonstrate how previous low estimates of belemnite calcification temperatures has led to widespread underestimation of Mesozoic sea temperatures by ca. 12 °C, raising estimates of some of the lowest temperature estimates for the Jurassic period to values which approach modern mid-latitude sea surface temperatures. Our findings enable accurate recalculation of global Mesozoic belemnite temperatures, and will thus improve our understanding of Greenhouse climate dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

Vickers

Bernasconi

Ullmann

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The clumped isotope temperatures for all concretion calcite phases are below the maximum burial temperature estimates for their locations (<60°C for the Staffin Shale; Lefort et al, 2012;Pearson et al, 2005;Vickers et al, 2020;≤50°C for Southern England;Green et al, 2001). The highest temperature measured (43 ± 6°C) was for a spar from P1A-B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Moreover, these abiogenic concretion body calcites are probably a more secure guide to bottom water temperatures than fossil skeletal carbonates because assumptions about biogenic vital effects are not required. In this context, note both the high variability in δ 18 O values from Staffin Shale Formation belemnite rostra (Nunn et al, 2009;Wierzbowski et al, 2006) and their remarkably high clumped isotope temperatures (Vickers et al, 2020), suggesting undetected disequilibrium effects. Only the coolest belemnite apical-line clumped isotope temperature of 18.7 ± 5°C, thought to reflect benthic or synsedimentary conditions in the Staffin Shale Formation (Vickers et al, 2020), overlaps the concretion body temperature range reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Taking the heat out of British Jurassic septarian concretions

Paxton

Dennis

Marca

et al. 2021

The Depositional Record

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Temperature dependence of clumped isotopes (∆47) in aragonite

Winter

Witbaard

Kocken

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wang et al., 2004), carbonate clumped isotope analysis has developed into a valuable tool for paleothermometry in the geosciences. Clumped isotope analysis is based on the thermodynamic principle that molecules with multiple heavy isotopes (so-called "multiply-substituted isotopologues") have lower vibrational energies than molecules containing lighter isotopes (Urey, 1947). Consequently, the increase in system entropy at higher temperatures causes a decrease in the occurrence of multiply-substituted isotopologues, and "clumping" of heavy isotopes within the same molecule is favored in low-energy systems (Eiler, 2007). In carbonates, this principle causes heavy carbonate ions (e.g., 13 C 18 O 16 O 2 ; mass 63 or 12 C 18 O 2 16 O; mass 64) to become more abundant with decreasing calcification temperatures (Ghosh et al., 2006). The distribution of these isotopologues is proportional in the CO 2 gas after reaction of carbonates with acid (e.g., 13 C 18 O 16 O; mass 47 and 12 C 18 O 2 , mass 48 respectively) and is measured with reference to the distribution of isotopologues in a fully scrambled heated CO 2 gas with the same isotopic composition:

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Unravelling Middle to Late Jurassic palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic signals in the Hebrides Basin using belemnite clumped isotope thermometry

Cited by 32 publications

References 55 publications

Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

Taking the heat out of British Jurassic septarian concretions

Temperature dependence of clumped isotopes (∆47) in aragonite

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