Unravelling plant protection product analysis: Use of chromatography techniques (GC and LC) and high resolution mass spectrometry

Uncovering the Dissipation of Chlorantraniliprole in Tomatoes: Identifying Transformation Products (TPs) and Coformulants in Greenhouse and Laboratory Studies by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and GC-Q-Orbitrap-MS

“…What’s more, the mass error was as low as −2 ppm, which is below the 5 ppm limit for a correct identification. Therefore, it could be concluded that IN-F6L99 was tentatively identified via isotopic pattern, which corresponds to a level of confidence 4, according to López-Ruiz et al…”

“…What's more, the mass error was as low as −2 ppm, which is below the 5 ppm limit for a correct identification. Therefore, it could be concluded that IN-F6L99 was tentatively identified via isotopic pattern, which corresponds to a level of confidence 4, according to Loṕez-Ruiz et al 4 The dissipation behavior of IN-F6L99 in tomato and laboratory conditions was also studied. Since there was no available analytical standard of IN-F6L99, this TP was semiquantified with an analytical standard of chlorantraniliprole (Figure 4) due to their structural similarities.…”

“…It acts as an inhibitor of the calcium-channel ryanodine receptor, which results in a lethal uncontrolled release of calcium from muscle cells. , The agricultural importance of chlorantraniliprole is steadily growing, as recent market studies show, with global sales of this pesticide expected to increase from USD 1724.9 million in 2021 to USD 2331.7 million by the end of 2027, which would imply an annual growth rate of 4.4% . As any other marketed pesticide, ready-to-use chlorantraniliprole is marketed in the form of plant protection products (PPPs), which contain it as the active substance in a high concentration (usually over 20% w/v or w/w), along with several other components, namely, safeners, synergists, and coformulants . However, the analysis of such components in vegetables treated with PPPs is largely ignored, despite their likely toxicological effects, and as an example of it, only two studies have dealt with the determination of coformulants in vegetables treated with PPPs so far.…”

“…3 As any other marketed pesticide, ready-to-use chlorantraniliprole is marketed in the form of plant protection products (PPPs), which contain it as the active substance in a high concentration (usually over 20% w/v or w/w), along with several other components, namely, safeners, synergists, and coformulants. 4 However, the analysis of such components in vegetables treated with PPPs is largely ignored, despite their likely toxicological effects, 5 and as an example of it, only two studies have dealt with the determination of coformulants in vegetables treated with PPPs so far. Balmer et al 6 studied the presence of representative anionic surfactants and solvents in different crops treated with PPPs based on several types of formulations by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS).…”

Monitoring of Volatile Additives from Plant Protection Products in Tomatoes Using HS-SPME-GC-HRMS: Targeted and Suspect Approaches

“…On one hand, some impurities that were incorporated into the formulation during the manufacturing process could be found. On the other hand, additives are added to improve the PPP characteristics, and these encompass different compounds such as solvents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, etc., being classified as safeners, synergists, coformulants, and adjuvants . However, regulations regarding these compounds are scarce.…”