Unravelling the multifaceted roles of Atg proteins to improve cancer therapy

Chen, Y.; Liu, X.-R.; Yin, Yu; Lee, C.-J.; Wang, F.-T.; Liu, H.-Q.; Wu, Xiaoting; Liu, Jun

doi:10.1111/cpr.12095

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Autophagy is another pathway of programmed cell death that permits cells to recycle cytoplasmic components while removing dysfunctional organelles for tissue remodeling [ 30 , 34 , 43 – 45 ]. Of the three categories for autophagy, microautophagy employs the invagination of lysosomal membranes for the sequestration and digestion of cytoplasmic components [ 34 ].…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Cellular Survival and Programmed Cell mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

Maiese

2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

201

123

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The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of oxidative stress are considered critical factors for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder that is growing in prevalence and results in significant economic loss. New therapeutic directions that address the detrimental effects of oxidative stress may be especially warranted to develop effective care for the millions of individuals that currently suffer from DM. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are especially justified to be considered treatment targets for DM since these pathways can address the complex relationship between stem cells, trophic factors, impaired glucose tolerance, programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, tissue remodeling, cellular energy homeostasis, and vascular biology that greatly impact the biology and disease progression of DM. The translation and development of these pathways into viable therapies will require detailed understanding of their proliferative nature to maximize clinical efficacy and limit adverse effects that have the potential to lead to unintended consequences.

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Section: Oxidative Stress Cellular Survival and Programmed Cell mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

Maiese

2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

201

123

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“…There exist at least 33 autophagic related genes ( Atg ) that have been identified in yeast with TOR and can affect metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative disease . Atg1, Atg13 (also known as Apg13), and Atg17 are tied to the PI 3‐K, Akt and TOR pathways.…”

Section: Mtor Pathways Of Apoptosis and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, de‐phosphorylation of Atg13 that can occur during starvation and reduced mTOR activity results in the activation of Atg1 and the induction of autophagy. In mammals, several ULK isoforms exist . The homologues of Atg1 are UNC‐51 like kinase one (ULK1) and ULK2 .…”

Section: Mtor Pathways Of Apoptosis and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting molecules to medicine with mTOR, autophagy and neurodegenerative disorders

Maiese¹

2015

Brit J Clinical Pharma

161

122

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Neurodegenerative disorders are significantly increasing in incidence as the age of the global population continues to climb with improved life expectancy. At present, more than 30 million individuals throughout the world are impacted by acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders with limited treatment strategies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that offers exciting possibilities for novel treatment strategies for a host of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, stroke and trauma. mTOR governs the programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy that can determine neuronal stem cell development, precursor cell differentiation, cell senescence, cell survival and ultimate cell fate. Coupled to the cellular biology of mTOR are a number of considerations for the development of novel treatments involving the fine control of mTOR signalling, tumourigenesis, complexity of the apoptosis and autophagy relationship, functional outcome in the nervous system, and the intimately linked pathways of growth factors, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI 3‐K), protein kinase B (Akt), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent mating type information regulation two homologue one (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) and others. Effective clinical translation of the cellular signalling mechanisms of mTOR offers provocative avenues for new drug development in the nervous system tempered only by the need to elucidate further the intricacies of the mTOR pathway.

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“…Among its related pathways are autophagy pathway and senescence and autophagy in cancer. A recent study has shown that ATG14, a crucial member of ATG gene family, plays a vital role in autophagy processes, [15] which provides protections to cancer cells from the deadly stresses that result from radiation, chemotherapy or other treatments [16]. However, how cancer cells modulate the expression of ATG to prevent cell death caused by radiation and chemotherapy still needs to be discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knockdown of Linc00515 Inhibits Multiple Myeloma Autophagy and Chemoresistance by Upregulating miR-140-5p and Downregulating ATG14

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: The purpose of our experiments was to investigate the targeting relationship of linc00515, miR-140-5p and ATG14 and to explore the roles of linc00515, miR-140-5p and ATG14 in autophagy and chemoresistance of melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma cells. Methods: Plasmids that could interfere with the expression of linc00515 and ATG14 were loaded into myeloma cells, which were cultured with melphalan. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis were utilized to investigate the effect of linc00515, miR-140-5p and ATG14 on the resistance of myeloma cells. QRT-PCR was used to determine the levels of mRNAs. Western blot was utilized to explore the level of ATG14 and autophagy-related proteins. Dual luciferase assay was utilized to explore the targeting relationship between linc00515, miR-140-5p and ATG14. GFP LC3 fluorescence assay was conducted to study the autophagy of cells. Results: The expression of linc00515 and ATG14 were significantly higher in melphalan-resistant myeloma cells. Knockdown of linc00515 and ATG14 led to decreased autophagy and chemoresistance of melphalan-resistant myeloma cells. The forced expression of miR-140-5p suppressed autophagy and chemoresistance of melphalan-resistant myeloma cells. Conclusion: Linc00515 enhanced autophagy and chemoresistance of melphalan-resistant myeloma by directly inhibiting miR-140-5p, which elevated ATG14 level.

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Unravelling the multifaceted roles of Atg proteins to improve cancer therapy

Cited by 23 publications

References 70 publications

New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

Targeting molecules to medicine with mTOR, autophagy and neurodegenerative disorders

Knockdown of Linc00515 Inhibits Multiple Myeloma Autophagy and Chemoresistance by Upregulating miR-140-5p and Downregulating ATG14

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