Unravelling the role of telomere shortening with ageing and their potential association with diabetes, cancer, and related lifestyle factors

Verma, Amit; Singh, Prithvi; Al-Saeed, Fatimah A.; Ahmed, Ahmed Ezzat; Kumar, Sunil; Kumar, Ashok; Dev, Kapil; Dohare, Ravins

doi:10.1016/j.tice.2022.101925

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Telomere shortening has been associated with several disorders, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes [ 55 ], cardiovascular disorders (e.g., increased risk of atherosclerosis [ 56 ] and development of coronary heart disease [ 57 ]), and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., increased risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [ 58 , 59 ] and progression of Huntington’s disease [ 60 , 61 ]). Shortening of telomeres can also contribute to the development of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis and their length in chondrocytes and peripheral blood cells could be a marker of disease progression [ 62 ].…”

Section: Telomeres In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere Length Changes in Cancer: Insights on Carcinogenesis and Potential for Non-Invasive Diagnostic Strategies

Holesova

Krasnicanova

Saade

et al. 2023

Genes

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Telomere dynamics play a crucial role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity; changes in telomere length may thus contribute to the development of various diseases including cancer. Understanding the role of telomeric DNA in carcinogenesis and detecting the presence of cell-free telomeric DNA (cf-telDNA) in body fluids offer a potential biomarker for novel cancer screening and diagnostic strategies. Liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly popular due to its undeniable benefits over conventional invasive methods. However, the organization and function of cf-telDNA in the extracellular milieu are understudied. This paper provides a review based on 3,398,017 cancer patients, patients with other conditions, and control individuals with the aim to shed more light on the inconsistent nature of telomere lengthening/shortening in oncological contexts. To gain a better understanding of biological factors (e.g., telomerase activation, alternative lengthening of telomeres) affecting telomere homeostasis across different types of cancer, we summarize mechanisms responsible for telomere length maintenance. In conclusion, we compare tissue- and liquid biopsy-based approaches in cancer assessment and provide a brief outlook on the methodology used for telomere length evaluation, highlighting the advances of state-of-the-art approaches in the field.

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Section: Telomeres In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere Length Changes in Cancer: Insights on Carcinogenesis and Potential for Non-Invasive Diagnostic Strategies

Holesova

Krasnicanova

Saade

et al. 2023

Genes

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“…Telomere length is a balance between processes that shorten telomeres during cell division with incomplete DNA replication, and processes that lengthen telomeres under the action of telomerase, an RNA-protein complex that adds telomeric repeats to the ends of DNA molecules. Ageing, inflammation, and oxidative stress accelerate the process of telomere shortening [18,19]. Telomerase counteracts this process, maintaining and lengthening the length of telomeres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of obesity on biological age in patients with arterial hypertension

Kolesnikova,

Zaprovalna,

Bondar

et al. 2023

Arterial Hypertension

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Background:The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between metabolic disorders, overweight and obesity with markers of accelerated ageing in patients with hypertension. Materials and methods: One hundred sixteen patients (the age 35-65 years, women 62.3%) with stage 1-2 grade 1-2 hypertension and low/moderate cardiovascular risk (CVR) were included in the study. 34 patients (27.59%) were obese, 50 patients (43.1%) were overweight, 32 patients (29.31%) had normal weight. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic methods (relative telomere length (RTL-b), telomerase activity (TA) and 5-methylcytosine global methyl level (GML) in DNA of blood mononuclear cells) were used. Epigenetic age was calculated using the DNAm PhenoAge epigenetic clock. Results:The increase markers of carbohydrate metabolism [glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], changes of lipid metabolism indicators [an increase in triglycerides (TG) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)] were revealed in the obese group, compared with the normal weight group (p < 0.05). We didn't find differences in RTL-b in any groups (p > 0.05). But at the same time obese patients had higher GML and lower TA (p < 0.05). The accelerated ageing (by DNAm PhenoAge epigenetic clock) was association with higher visceral fat%, higher levels, TG, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, all parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (HbA 1c , FPG, Insulin, HOMA-IR) and lower HDL-C (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Pathological weight gain associated with the progression of metabolic disorders and accelerated ageing in patients with hypertension and low/moderate cardiovascular risk.

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“…Specifically, hyperglycemia can increase the oxidative stress level, promoting single-stranded telomere breaks, thereby accelerating telomere shortening. 5,7 The level of oxidative stress in islet β cells of patients with T2DM is increased, leading to shorter TL of β cells and reduced insulin secretion. 8 A meta-analysis 9 involving 9 cohorts (5759 cases and 6518 controls) showed a strong association between shortened TL and T2DM risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Antidiabetic Medications Affect Telomere Length in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? A Mini-Review

Qin

2023

DMSO

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The fight against aging is an eternal pursuit of humankind. The aging rate of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher than that of healthy individuals. Reducing the aging rate of patients with T2DM and extending their life expectancy are challenges that endocrinologists are eager to overcome. Many studies have shown that antidiabetic medications have potent anti-aging potential. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes, and telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging. This review summarizes clinical trials that have explored the association between antidiabetic medications and telomere length (TL) in patients with T2DM and explore the mystery of delaying aging in patients with T2DM from the perspective of telomeres. Various antidiabetic medications may have different effects on TL in patients with T2DM. Metformin and sitagliptin may protect telomeres in patients with T2DM, while exogenous insulin may promote telomere shortening in patients with T2DM. The effect of acarbose and glyburide on TL in patients with T2DM is still uncertain due to the absence of evidence from longitudinal studies.

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Unravelling the role of telomere shortening with ageing and their potential association with diabetes, cancer, and related lifestyle factors

Cited by 14 publications

References 146 publications

Telomere Length Changes in Cancer: Insights on Carcinogenesis and Potential for Non-Invasive Diagnostic Strategies

Telomere Length Changes in Cancer: Insights on Carcinogenesis and Potential for Non-Invasive Diagnostic Strategies

Influence of obesity on biological age in patients with arterial hypertension

Can Antidiabetic Medications Affect Telomere Length in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? A Mini-Review

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