“…Previous research has identified negative consequences associated with PSB (e.g., financial solvency, compromised social relationships, psychological distress), suggesting the recognition of shopping addiction as a distinct behavioral addiction in psychopathology classification manuals such as the DSM-5 or ICD-11 (Andreassen et al, 2018 ; APA, 2013 ; Dittmar, 2005 ; Griffiths, 1996 , 2017 , 2018 ; Hartston, 2012 ; Uzarska et al, 2021 ; WHO, 2019 ; Zarate et al, 2022 ; Zhao et al, 2017 ). However, concerns have also been raised regarding the potential risk of over-pathologizing common behaviors (e.g., work, exercise, sex), suggesting that problematic behaviors are likely to manifest when individuals engage in subjectively enjoyable activities (Kardefelt-Winther et al, 2017 ; Niedermoser et al, 2021 ).…”