Unrecorded consumption, quality of alcohol and health consequences

Rehm, Jürgen; Kanteres, Fotis; Lachenmeier, Dirk W.

doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00140.x

Cited by 174 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…A significant effect of alcohol on SLE risk was observed in this study without accounting for the NAT2 polymorphism, although there is presently no evidence that the NAT2 enzyme could directly metabolize ethanol. Other studies have also reported an interaction between the NAT2 polymorphism and alcohol use with respect to various outcomes (53)(54)(55)(56). Therefore, the effect modification by alcohol use could be a reflection of the effect modification of the substances correlated with alcohol use, or the alcohol adding to total body burden of toxicants, so that the NAT2 enzyme and other enzymes cannot metabolize toxicants as efficiently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying Effect of N‐Acetyltransferase 2 Genotype on the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Consumption of Alcohol and Caffeine‐Rich Beverages

Kiyohara

Washio

Horiuchi

et al. 2014

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is involved in the metabolism of various environmental substances, both with and without carcinogenic potential. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic caffeine-rich beverages may be associated with markers of inflammation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multifaceted inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of alcoholic and nonalcoholic caffeine-rich beverages on risk of SLE and determined whether the effects were modified by NAT2 status. Methods. The NAT2 polymorphism was genotyped in 152 SLE cases and 427 healthy controls, all women and Japanese. We assessed effect modification by testing an interaction term for the NAT2 polymorphism and consumption of beverages. Results. Consumption of black tea (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03-3.41) and coffee (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.95-2.61), but not green tea, was associated with an increased risk of SLE, while alcohol use (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20 -0.55) was associated with a decreased risk of SLE. There were significant interactions between the NAT2 polymorphism and either alcohol use (P interaction ‫؍‬ 0.026) or consumption of black tea (P interaction ‫؍‬ 0.048). Conclusion. The NAT2 polymorphism significantly modified the effects of alcohol use and black tea consumption on SLE, emphasizing the importance of incorporating genetic and metabolic information in studies on management of SLE. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the findings suggested in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying Effect of N‐Acetyltransferase 2 Genotype on the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Consumption of Alcohol and Caffeine‐Rich Beverages

Kiyohara

Washio

Horiuchi

et al. 2014

Arthritis Care & Research

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“…Cheapness was quoted commonly as a reason for samogon consumption [17,18]. It appears, however, that for approximately half the respondents, the main motive for consuming samogon is the belief that it is a chemically purer product than the licensed vodka.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experts estimate that unrecorded alcohol makes up a significant share (about 25%) of all alcohol consumed in this country [12]. According to WHO definition, unrecorded alcohol include homemade informally produced alcohol, illegally produced or smuggled alcohol products, as well as surrogates alcohol that is not intended for human consumption [13]. Unrecorded alcohol in Belarus not only includes illegally produced spirits (samogon), but also legal non-beverage alcohols (surrogates), such as industrial spirits, denaturized alcohol, medicinal tinctures, perfumes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unrecorded Alcohol Consumption among Alcohol Dependent Patients

Ye¹

2015

J Addict Med Ther Sci

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Introduction: Experts estimate that unrecorded alcohol makes up a significant share (about 25%) of all alcohol consumed in the former Soviet Republic Belarus. However, our knowledge with respect to the prevalence of the consumption of unrecorded alcohol in this country, as well as the patterns and motives of it consumption remains fragmented.Objectives: This study was design to explore the prevalence, drinking pattern, types, reasons and correlates of the consumption of unrecorded alcohol among alcohol dependent patients. Methods:The study was conducted in the Belarusian city Grodno in 2013 with 326 alcohol dependent patients (223 men and 103 women) admitted to narcological clinic using structured interviews. Results:The results suggest that 52.9% of men and 30.3% of women regularly consume samogon (moonshine), while 11.8% of men and 10.8% of women use surrogates, the most popular among which are medications with a high percentage of ethanol and industrial spirits. The belief that, according to quality criteria, samogon exceeds licensed vodka is the main motive for its consumption. Conclusions:The results from present study confirm that the consumption of unrecorded alcohol is common among alcohol dependent patients even though its use may have been underreported. These findings emphasize the urgency of implementing comprehensive alcohol policy, which need to address overall consumption, harmful drinking pattern and taking into account the consumption of alcohol from illicit sources.alcohol surrogates [12]. However, our knowledge with respect to the prevalence of the consumption of unrecorded alcohol in Belarus, as well as the patterns and motives of it consumption remains fragmented. The aim of this study was to some extent to fill this gap by studying the prevalence, types of unrecorded alcohol consumed, patterns of consumption and reasons behind unrecorded alcohol consumption among alcohol dependent population in Belarus. Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in the Belarusian city Grodno in 2013 with 326 alcohol dependent patients (223 men and 103 women) admitted to narcological clinic using structured interviews. Data was collected by trained interviewers through structural face-toface interviews in the respondents' wards and lasted approximately 30 minutes. The questionnaire covered a range of characteristics including socioeconomic and demographic variables, drinking frequency of all beverages types including unrecorded alcohol, the amount of each beverage type drunk on a usual occasion defined in quantity units commonly used (bottles of beer, grams of wine and vodka), information about health problems arising from the consumption of alcohol with emphasis on unrecorded alcohol (hangover, poisoning), the motives that guided responders in their choice of alcoholic beverages, the sources of unrecorded alcohol, the opinion of responders regarding the quality of licensed alcohol and unrecorded alcohol. For non-beverage alcohol (surrogate) only frequency of consumption was asked since there are no

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“…The quality of alcoholic beverages may impact on health and mortality (Preedy & Watson, 2005), for instance when home-made or illegally produced alcoholic beverages are contaminated with methanol or other very toxic substances, such as disinfectants (Rehm, Kanteres & Lachenmeier, 2010). Other ingredients in alcoholic beverages, especially in beverages produced informally or illegally, have been analysed as potential causes of health problems (Kanteres et al, 2009;Lachenmeier et al, 2009;Leitz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Quality Of Alcohol Consumedmentioning

confidence: 99%