Unregulated Lipid Peroxidation in Neurological Dysfunction

Shichiri, Mototada; Yoshida, Yasukazu; Niki, Etsuo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410527-0.00004-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 275 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Lipid peroxidation occurs when ROS attacks the double bond in the acyl chain and forms a lipid radical, which can react and oxidize the surrounding lipids; this peroxidation process continues (known as “propagation”) until all lipids have been oxidized . The role of an antioxidant is to react with the ROS, and thereby being oxidized instead, which interrupts the propagation step of the lipid oxidation mechanism. Tocopherols, specifically, act as free-radical scavengers and H donors to the lipid radical, helping to minimize the oxidative damage to the membrane. − In our system, this means that α-tocopherol is being oxidized rather than the DOPC lipid tails.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubulation of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes Induced by Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation

et al. 2021

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We show that photosensitized phospholipid oxidation, initiated by the lipid-conjugated fluorophore TopFluor-PC, causes defects, namely, membrane tubes and vesicle-like structures, in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Lipid oxidation is detrimental to the integrity of the lipid molecules; when oxidized, they undergo a conformational expansion, which causes membrane tubes to protrude from the SLB. Lipid oxidation is verified by FT-IR spectroscopy, and area expansion is observed in Langmuir trough experiments. Upon growing to a critical length, the membrane tubes arising from SLBs rapidly undergo transition to vesicle-like structures. We find a correlation between the maximum tube length and the diameter of the resulting vesicle, suggesting the conservation of the surface area between these features. We use geometric modeling and the measured tube length and vesicle radius to calculate the tube radius; our calculated mean tube diameter of 243 nm is comparable to other groups' experimental findings. In the presence of fluid flow, membrane tubes can be extended to tens to hundreds of microns in length. SLBs composed of saturated lipids resist light-induced tubulation, and the inclusion of the lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol attenuates the tubulation process and increases the light intensity threshold for tubulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubulation of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes Induced by Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation

et al. 2021

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“…A reduction of brain fatty acids is generally with aging (112,113). PUFA are particularly vulnerable to oxidation due to their many unsaturated double bonds (114) and postmortem signs of oxidative damage are frequently found in the brain of individuals deceased at an old age (115). However, little evidence exists to support a loss of lipids in the old human cerebellum.…”

Section: Diverging Correlations With Age Of Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem lipid abnormalities in the cerebellum of patients with essential tremor

Simard,

Mélançon,

Berthiaume

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Fatty acids play many critical roles in brain function but have not been investigated in essential tremor (ET), a frequent movement disorder suspected to involve cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we report a postmortem analysis of fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography in the cerebellar cortex from ET patients (n=15), Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients (n=15) and Controls (n=17). Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)/ phosphatidylserine (PS) were separated by thin-layer chromatography and analyzed separately. First, the total amounts of fatty acids retrieved from the cerebellar cortex were lower in ET patients, including monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids. The diagnosis of ET was associated with lower cerebellar levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and PUFA (DHA and ARA) in the PE fraction specifically, but with a higher relative content of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3 ω-6) in the PC fraction. In contrast, a diagnosis of PD was associated with higher absolute concentrations of SFA, MUFA and ω-6 PUFA in the PI+PS fractions. However, relative PI+PS contents of ω-6 PUFA were lower in both PD and ET patients. Finally, linear regression analyses showed that the ω-3:ω-6 PUFA ratio was positively associated with age of death, but inversely associated with insoluble α-synuclein. Although it remains unclear how these FA changes in the cerebellum are implicated in ET or PD pathophysiology, they may be related to an ongoing neurodegenerative process or to dietary intake differences. The present findings provide a window of opportunity for lipid-based therapeutic nutritional intervention.

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“…Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is the most studied biologically relevant free radical chain reaction 3 . It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidize the polyunsaturated lipids, and it is thus considered a critical step in the pathogenesis of several disease states 4–6 . In the skin, LPO is mainly related to photooxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidize the polyunsaturated lipids, and it is thus considered a critical step in the pathogenesis of several disease states. 4 , 5 , 6 In the skin, LPO is mainly related to photooxidation. It induces an alteration in the barrier function and may lead to skin diseases, such as photoaging, psoriasis, atopy and skin cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17] LPO can be produced by auto-oxidation, enzymatic oxidation or photo-oxidation initiated by radiant energy, such as ultraviolet, solar radiations or artificial light. 5,6,17,18 Even though solar UVRs are essential to the body such as stimulating the production of vitamin D, they can induce oxidative stress that alters lipid composition. For example, solar UV exposure can reduce FAs and triglycerides (TGs) in the epidermis, which results in skin photoaging.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of triglycerides photooxidation under solar radiations: A stepwise Raman study

Assi

Michael‐Jubeli

Jacques

et al. 2023

Analytical Science Advances

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Triglycerides (TGs) are one of the main components of the glycerolipid family. Their main task in cells is to store excess fatty acids. TG energy storage is mainly concentrated in adipocytes. TGs and free fatty acids constitute the majority (57.5%) of the skin surface lipids (SSLs). TGs are essential for the formation of the skin water barrier. This work is the second part of a global study that aims to evaluate the effect of solar radiations on SSLs using vibrational spectroscopy. In the first part of this work, a stepwise characterization of free fatty acids was performed, and different spectral descriptors were used to follow the different structural modifications during the photo‐oxidation process, that is hydrogen abstraction, formation of hydroperoxides and peroxyl radicals as primary oxidation products and the formation of aldehydes, ketones, alcohol as secondary products. In this second part, the photo‐oxidation of TGs was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. A decrease in the CH2/CH3 stretching bands ratio that confirmed the hydrogen abstraction, an increase in the 1165/1740 cm−1 ((δ(OH) and υ(C–O))/ν(C=O) (ester)) ratio indicated the formation of secondary oxidation products such as hydroperoxides. And finally, an increase in the 1725/1740 cm−1 (υ(C=O) (ald.)/υ(C=O) (ester)) ratio and the trans ν(C=C)/cis ν(C=C) ratio highlighted the formation of aldehydes, alcohols, ketone, trans secondary products and others.

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Unregulated Lipid Peroxidation in Neurological Dysfunction

Cited by 8 publications

References 275 publications

Tubulation of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes Induced by Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation

Tubulation of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes Induced by Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation

Postmortem lipid abnormalities in the cerebellum of patients with essential tremor

Characterization of triglycerides photooxidation under solar radiations: A stepwise Raman study

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