Unsaturated fats and progression of diabetic retinopathy

Houtsmuller, A.J.; Zahn, K; Henkes, H.E.

doi:10.1007/bf00141465

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…27 AA is a major fatty acid of neural and vascular tissue of the retina. 24 It has been reported that endogenous or exogenous AA and LA might protect against DR. [28][29][30] Furthermore, lower endogenous plasma AA and n-6 fatty acids were reported to be associated with higher levels of circulating pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1ra and IL-6 and lower anti-inflammatory marker TGFb. 31 As an inflammatory state has been associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, cardio-metabolic disorders, 32 AA might play a positive role in modulating the inflammatory status and could potentially be beneficial to diabetes patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics study of diabetic retinopathy using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: a comparison of stages and subtypes diagnosed by Western and Chinese medicine

Luo

Lü

et al. 2011

Mol. BioSyst.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular syndrome of diabetes, and is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in the world. It has three progressive stages with complex metabolic deregulations in the holistic system of Western medicine. Chinese medicine classifies DR into two different syndrome types; integrating Western and Chinese medicine to treat DR is a validated therapeutic approach in China. In this research, the systemic metabolite change of DR was investigated from the viewpoint of both Western and Chinese medicine, using metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data revealed both perspectives can reflect the metabolic patterns, development and differentiation of DR, and the data also had good correlation and complementarity in characterizing the process of DR. Potential biomarkers of DR based on the two perspectives indicated the alterative modes of metabolites and metabolic pathways in the disease, e.g. the disturbance in fatty acids, amino acids and glucose, etc. The results showed the usefulness and validity of combining both Western and Chinese medicine to study the subtypes of DR and the mechanisms involved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics study of diabetic retinopathy using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: a comparison of stages and subtypes diagnosed by Western and Chinese medicine

Luo

Lü

et al. 2011

Mol. BioSyst.

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“…Most clinical trials studied patients with severe exudative retinopathy and showed no effect on visual prognosis [14,17,[22][23][24][25]. One report suggested that a diet rich in polyunsaturated fats delayed the progression of retinopathy [26], but the criteria for progression and the extent of the difference between groups were not stated. The role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of retinopathy deserves further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol: An association with the severity of diabetic retinopathy

et al. 1982

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Summary. Diurnal profiles of total and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in 11 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects without retinopathy, 10 with background and 10 with proliferative retinopathy. The groups were closely matched for age and duration of diabetes. Total cholesterol levels were higher in patients with proliferative (5.6_+ 0.5mmol/1) than background (5.1 + 0.7mmol/1) or no retinopathy (4.6_+ 0.8mmol/1, trend test; p < 0.003), due to raised levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (3.8 _+ 0.9, 3.2 + 0.6 and 2.8 + 0.8mmol/1 respectively; p < 0.02). High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were similar in patients with and without retinopathy and HDL/ LDL ratios were lower with more severe retinopathy (p < 0.025). Cholesterol levels were similar in diabetic subjects without retinopathy and in 12 normal subjects. Triglyceride levels were not related to retinopathy and no measure of plasma lipids correlated with HbA~ or 24-h mean plasma glucose. Total and LDL cholesterol were weakly inversely correlated with creatinine clearance but the association with retinopathy was independent of this effect.

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“…8 Of 48 included randomised controlled trials in the other review, 24 were included in the current review. Of the remaining 24 randomised controlled trials, 10 did not compare reduced fat intake with usual fat intake (they were included as they modified fat), [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] and 13 aimed to reduce weight in some or all participants so were ineligible for the current review. [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] Only one trial was eligible for this review but was not included as no data were provided on body weight, body mass index, or waist circumference.…”

Section: Effects Of Reduced Fat Intake On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reducing total fat intake on body weight: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies

Hooper

Abdelhamid

Moore

et al. 2012

BMJ

250

164

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Objective To investigate the relation between total fat intake and body weight in adults and children.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. Inclusion criteria Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies of adults or children that compared lower versus usual total fat intake and assessed the effects on measures of body fatness (body weight, body mass index, or waist circumference) after at least six months (randomised controlled trials) or one year (in cohorts). Randomised controlled trials with any intention to reduce weight in participants or confounded by additional medical or lifestyle interventions were excluded. Data sourcesData extraction Data were extracted and validity was assessed independently and in duplicate. Random effects meta-analyses, subgroups, sensitivity analyses, and metaregression were done.Results 33 randomised controlled trials (73 589 participants) and 10 cohort studies were included, all from developed countries. Meta-analysis of data from the trials suggested that diets lower in total fat were associated with lower relative body weight (by 1.6 kg, 95% confidence interval −2.0 to −1.2 kg, I 2 =75%, 57 735 participants). Lower weight gain in the low fat arm compared with the control arm was consistent across trials, but the size of the effect varied. Metaregression suggested that greater reduction in total fat intake and lower baseline fat intake were associated with greater relative weight loss, explaining most of the heterogeneity. The significant effect of a low fat diet on weight was not lost in sensitivity analyses (including removing trials that expended greater time and attention on low fat groups). Lower total fat intake also led to lower body mass index (−0.51 kg/m 2 , 95% confidence interval −0.76 to −0.26, nine trials, I 2 =77%) and waist circumference (by 0.3 cm, 95% confidence interval −0.58 to −0.02, 15 671 women, one trial). There was no suggestion of negative effects on other cardiovascular risk factors (lipid levels or blood pressure). GRADE assessment suggested high quality evidence for the relation between total fat intake and body weight in adults. Only one randomised controlled trial and three cohort studies were found in children and young people, but these confirmed a positive relation between total fat intake and weight gain. ConclusionsThere is high quality, consistent evidence that reduction of total fat intake has been achieved in large numbers of both healthy and at risk trial participants over many years. Lower total fat intake leads to small but statistically significant and clinically meaningful, sustained reductions in body weight in adults in studies with baseline fat intakes of 28-43% of energy intake and durations from six months to over eight years. Evidence supports a similar effect in children and young people. IntroductionThe optimal intake of total fat was debated at the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization expert consultation on f...

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Unsaturated fats and progression of diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Metabolomics study of diabetic retinopathy using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: a comparison of stages and subtypes diagnosed by Western and Chinese medicine

Metabolomics study of diabetic retinopathy using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: a comparison of stages and subtypes diagnosed by Western and Chinese medicine

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol: An association with the severity of diabetic retinopathy

Effect of reducing total fat intake on body weight: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies

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