Unsaturated hydraulic properties of fine-grained soil from the blanket layer of old railway lines in France

Monitoring of railway structures with bituminous and granular sub-layers: Assessment after four years of use

“…They also hinder the risk of rutting at high temperatures and of thermal cracking at low temperatures. The anti-freeze protection role of the ballast had already been underlined by [24].…”

“…Figure24 and Figure25compare the minimum and maximum accelerations for two accelerometers located below the rail axis at the top of the sub-layer: AS1 on Section 2 (with granular sub-layer) and A3 on Section 4 (with a bituminous sub-layer) versus time for Figure24and versus speed for Figure25. The results clearly demonstrate that the acceleration peaks at the top of the bituminous sublayer are much lower than those achieved at the top of the granular sub-layer, for both upward and…”