Abstract:Although organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) has been incorporated into unsaturated polyester (UP) resin to enhance properties, the aggregation often leads to defects which directly affect the properties of nanocomposites. In this work, OMMT slurry modified by a new allyl surfactant with carbon-carbon double bond, hexadecyl allyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C 16 -DMAAC), was employed to prepare nanocomposites by in situ polymerization. The results illustrated that the existence of OMMT slurry helped mo… Show more
“…The melt polycondensation technique was adopted to synthesize the pure UP resin [ 41 ]. A total of 16 g PG, 20.5 g EG, 32.5 g DEG, 72.5 g PA, and 27.5 g MA were collectively added in a three-neck flask with stirring equipment and heated progressively until the temperature reaches 120 °C.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The melt polycondensation technique was adopted to synthesize the pure UP resin [41]. A total of 16 g PG, 20.5 g EG, 32.5 g DEG, 72.5 g PA, and 27.5 g MA were collectively added in a three-neck flask with stirring equipment and heated progressively until the temperature reaches 120 • C. A total of 0.1 wt.% antioxidant (triphenyl phosphite) was interfused as an antioxidant into the mixture and the temperature was augmented to 160 • C with the complete melting of PA and SA.…”
Montmorillonite (MMT) displays excellent cohesion with an unsaturated polyester (UP) matrix to generate a material which exhibits an extensive range of commercial applications. The organic modification of MMT using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and the effect of POSS-MMT on the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of UP are reported here. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to characterize the modification of MMT using POSS. Modified MMT (POSS-MMT) was incorporated, at different wt.% (0.5, 1, 3, 5), into UP via in-situ polymerization. The presence of POSS-MMT enhanced the characteristic properties of UP as a consequence of good dispersion in the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images support effective POSS-MMT dispersion leading to tensile strength enhancement of a UP/POSS-MMT nanocomposite (3 wt.% POSS-MMT) by 54.7% as compared to that for unmodified UP. TGA displays a 35 °C improvement of thermal stability (10% mass loss) at 5% POSS-MMT incorporation, while the electrical conductivity is improved by 108 S/m (3 wt.% POSS-MMT) in comparison to that for unmodified UP. The conventional obstacle of UP associated with shrinkage weight loss during curing seems to be moderated with POSS-MMT incorporation (3%) resulting in a 27.8% reduction in shrinkage weight loss. These fabricated nanocomposites expand the versatility of UP as a high-performance material owing to enhancements of properties.
“…The melt polycondensation technique was adopted to synthesize the pure UP resin [ 41 ]. A total of 16 g PG, 20.5 g EG, 32.5 g DEG, 72.5 g PA, and 27.5 g MA were collectively added in a three-neck flask with stirring equipment and heated progressively until the temperature reaches 120 °C.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The melt polycondensation technique was adopted to synthesize the pure UP resin [41]. A total of 16 g PG, 20.5 g EG, 32.5 g DEG, 72.5 g PA, and 27.5 g MA were collectively added in a three-neck flask with stirring equipment and heated progressively until the temperature reaches 120 • C. A total of 0.1 wt.% antioxidant (triphenyl phosphite) was interfused as an antioxidant into the mixture and the temperature was augmented to 160 • C with the complete melting of PA and SA.…”
Montmorillonite (MMT) displays excellent cohesion with an unsaturated polyester (UP) matrix to generate a material which exhibits an extensive range of commercial applications. The organic modification of MMT using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and the effect of POSS-MMT on the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of UP are reported here. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to characterize the modification of MMT using POSS. Modified MMT (POSS-MMT) was incorporated, at different wt.% (0.5, 1, 3, 5), into UP via in-situ polymerization. The presence of POSS-MMT enhanced the characteristic properties of UP as a consequence of good dispersion in the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images support effective POSS-MMT dispersion leading to tensile strength enhancement of a UP/POSS-MMT nanocomposite (3 wt.% POSS-MMT) by 54.7% as compared to that for unmodified UP. TGA displays a 35 °C improvement of thermal stability (10% mass loss) at 5% POSS-MMT incorporation, while the electrical conductivity is improved by 108 S/m (3 wt.% POSS-MMT) in comparison to that for unmodified UP. The conventional obstacle of UP associated with shrinkage weight loss during curing seems to be moderated with POSS-MMT incorporation (3%) resulting in a 27.8% reduction in shrinkage weight loss. These fabricated nanocomposites expand the versatility of UP as a high-performance material owing to enhancements of properties.
“…Then, the solution is added in-situ with the other chemicals used for the preparation of unsaturated polyester and its preparation method reported in Ref. 96 is adopted. Figure 15 summarizes the steps followed to obtain surface modified graphene oxide/unsaturated polyester nanocomposites.Figure 15.Simplified summary for the fabrication method for surface modified graphene oxide/unsaturated polyester nanocomposites.…”
Nanotechnology is the key solution for many human problems such as energy conversion, water treatment, and material science. In composite materials, nanoparticles are dispersed in a matrix material such as metals, ceramics, or polymers to enhance their mechanical and thermophysical properties. Polymer nanocomposite materials found their applications in vital fields such as the automotive and aircraft industries. There are many techniques adopted to produce polymer nanocomposites, and they are summarized and discussed according to our best known in this paper. All techniques aim to produce nanocomposite materials with uniform dispersion and without aggregations. Melt-mixing, mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and selective laser sintering techniques are the most commonly used techniques to produce polymer nanocomposite. The utilization of water, atomic layer deposition, and plasma-assisted mechanochemistry are found to eradicate the issue of nanoparticles aggregation for melt-mixing technique. Also, sonication with high frequencies plays the same role for mixing techniques. In-situ polymerization provides fabrication of nanocomposites that are thermodynamically stable. Electrospinning represents an effective method which is suitable for producing porous structures. In addition, fabrication of nanocomposites via selective laser sintering has obvious benefits to overcome the problem of aggregation. The working principles of each technique, including the advantages and disadvantages, are discussed.
“…The development of pure UP resin was formulated using melt polycondensation reaction. The synthesis route of UP preparation has been adopted from the literature with some modifications [38]. Initially, 16 g PG, 20.5 g EG, 32.5 g DEG, 72.5 g PA, 27.5 g MA were mixed and charged in a three necked flask with stirring equipment and gradually heated till the temperature reaches 120 • C. Subsequently, 0.1 wt% antioxidant (triphenylphosphite) was added into the mixture and the temperature was raised to 160 • C after the solid PA and MA were completely melted.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Pure Unsaturated Polyester (Up)mentioning
The latest trends in technologies has shifted the focus to developing innovative methods for comprehensive property enhancement of the polymer composites with facile and undemanding experimental techniques. This work reports an elementary technique to fabricate high-performance unsaturated polyester-based nanocomposites. It focuses on the interactive effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) within the unsaturated polymermatrix. The hybrid framework of POSS-functionalized graphene oxide has been configured via peptide bonding between the aminopropyl isobutyl POSS and graphene oxide. The synergistic effect of POSS and graphene oxide paved the way for a mechanism to inculcate a hybrid framework within the unsaturated polyester (UP) via in situ polymerization to develop UP/GO-POSS nanocomposites. The surface-appended POSS within the graphene oxide boosted its dispersion in the UP matrix, furnishing an enhancement in tensile strength of the UP/GO-POSS composites by 61.9%, thermal decomposition temperature (10% mass loss) by 69.8 °C and electrical conductivity by 108 S/m, in contrast to pure UP. In particular, the homogenous influence of the POSS-modified GO could be vindicated in the surging of the limiting oxygen index (%) in the as-prepared nanocomposites. The inclusive property amelioration vindicates the use of fabricated nanocomposites as high-performance nanomaterials in electrotechnical applications.
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