Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Chemistry and Technology

Penczek, Piotr; Czub, Piotr; Pielichowski, Jan

doi:10.1007/b136243

Cited by 105 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…Due to their low raw materials and production costs, they have easy processing and excellent mechanical performance, electricity performance and chemical resistance [1,2], which is widely used alone or in fiber-reinforced composite industry in the field of naval construction, offshore applications, coatings, building construction, automotives, etc. [3,4]. However, typical UPR has both very weak resistances to fire and high smoke densities during burning because of its intrinsic chemical composition and molecular structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The investigation of flammability, thermal stability, heat resistance and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin using AlPi as flame retardant

Wang

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The influence of aluminum dialkylphosphinate (AlPi) on the flammability, thermal properties and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) was investigated. A series of flame-retarded UPR loading with AlPi were prepared. The flammability and thermal stability of these UPR composites were investigated with limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning and themogravimetric analysis test. The structure and morphology of char residues were examined with Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, thermomechanical property of cured composites was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that the AlPi excellently improved the flame retardancy of UPR, the LOI increased from 21 to 29.5 with the increasing of AlPi and UPR-AlPi25 (25 %) passed V-0 classification. The char residue of UPR-AlPi25 at 700°C was 11.17 % in nitrogen and 20.83 % in oxygen, suggested that interaction between AlPi and UPR strengthened the char-formation ability and the thermal stability of the UPR/AlPi systems. The SEM showed that the surface of the char for UPR-AlPi25 was strong and dense and flexural fracture surfaces of UPR/ AlPi composites showed a homogeneous morphology. The DMA curve indicated the T g was greatly improved with the increasing of AlPi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The investigation of flammability, thermal stability, heat resistance and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin using AlPi as flame retardant

Wang

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increase in usage of these resins in the plastic market is mainly due to the possibility to be highly filled and to be easily processed [7]. The main applications are structural materials based on fiber reinforcement and non-reinforced uses like artificial marble or onyx, polymer concrete, and gel coats.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A very detailed and exhaustive review on recent developments regarding the chemistry and the analytics of unsaturated polyester resins is given by Penczek [7]. An innovative model to analyze these versatile polymers was developed by Yang and Pascault (1997) [9].…”

Section: Manufacturing Of the Unsaturated Polyester Backbonementioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated Polyesters and Vinyl Esters

Kandelbauer

Tondi

Zaske

et al. 2014

Handbook of Thermoset Plastics

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“…These resins may be used neat [15,19,20] , however, they are usually diluted in a vinyl-type reactive co-monomer, most commonly used is the styrene monomer [8,14,15,19,21] . The reaction may be catalyzed by ammonium salts, ternary amines, alkalis or phosphines and it takes place at moderately elevated temperatures [8,10] , temperatures between 60 to 120 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high temperature curing these hardeners may be used alone or at room temperature curing is required the use of a redox initiation system [3] of promoter (initiator, hardener) and activator (accelerator), these are systems of the peroxide, cobalt salts and/or ternary amines [28] , not always with the three components. The vinyl ester resins may also be cured via photo-polymerization [8] using an appropriate photoinitiator [21] . Radiations used to the photo-curing of the resins are ultraviolet [14,29] , visible light [7] and electron beam [14,30] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%