Unsaturation and Polar Head Effect on Gelation, Bioactive Release, and Cr/Cu Removal Ability of Glycolipids

Abstract

Designing of multifunctional soft and smart materials from natural sources is a useful strategy for producing safer chemicals having potential applications in biomedical research and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, eight glycolipids with variation in unsaturation of hydrophobic tail and polar headgroup size were designed. The effect of unsaturation in the tail group and headgroup size on gelation ability, and mechanical and thermal stability of glycolipid hydro/organogels was studied to understand structure and property relationship. Glycolipids are functional amphiphilic molecules having potential applications in the field of drug delivery and metal removal. The encapsulation capacity and kinetic release behavior of hydrophobic/hydrophilic bioactives like curcumin/riboflavin from the hydrophobic/hydrophilic pockets of glycolipids hydro/organogels was examined. A significant observation was that the glucamine moiety of the glycolipid headgroup plays a vital role in removal of Cr and Cu from oil/water biphasic systems. Typical functions of the glycolipid hydrogels are metal chelation and enzyme-triggered release behavior, enabled them as promising material for Cr, Cu removal from edible oils and controlled release of water soluble/insoluble bioactives.

Sunflower Wax-Based Oleogel Emulsions: Physicochemical Characterizations and Food Application

“…Then, the oscillatory frequency sweep was performed within the range of 0.01–100 Hz at a 0.1% constant strain value. The maximum independent frequency values ( f ) in the frequency sweep and the critical strain value (γ c ) in the amplitude sweep were recorded. , For steady shear flow tests, the viscosity was measured with the shear rate increasing from 0.1 to 100 s –1 at 25 °C.…”

Effect of oil unsaturation and wax composition on stability, properties and food applicability of oleogels

“…Despite of forming some crystals at low concentration, the gelator phase was not enough to create a strong network that could grip the liquid oil to form gel-like material presumably due to these resinous matters. For competent gelation behavior in particular solvent, the proper equilibrium between lipophilic and hydrophilic part of gelator molecules is necessary (Sekhar et al, 2020). This feature will help us to understand the relation between MGC and solubility/insolubility of gelator in solvent.…”

Recently Developed Carbohydrate Based Gelators and Their Applications

“…Hydrolysis of the glycolipid led to the degradation of the gelator and thus the release of the bioactive molecules. The hydrogels were also found to be capable of removing chromium and copper from vegetable oil and the removal capacity was found to increase with the unsaturation of the hydrophobic tail [123]. The gels formed from these glycolipids may have applications in metal removal for the purification of vegetable oils and in gel-based delivery systems.…”

“…The gels formed from these glycolipids may have applications in metal removal for the purification of vegetable oils and in gel-based delivery systems. Sekhar et al synthesized a series of eight glycolipids containing either one or two polar N-methyl-D-glucamine headgroups and one or two aliphatic tails with increasing degrees of unsaturation as shown in Figure 68 [123]. Glycolipids with small polar head groups and less unsaturated aliphatic tails, 116a and 116b, formed hydrogels, while the glycolipids with the higher unsaturated aliphatic tails 116c, 116d, 117c and 117d exhibited water-induced organogelation through agitation.…”

“…Structures of eight glycolipids containing aliphatic tails with increasing degree of unsaturation[123].…”