“…Research has shown that over time, concern for information privacy can change due to various influences such as new or changed privacy laws, personal experiences of a data breach, or attendance of privacy education and training (Koohikamali, French & Kim, 2019;Hong, Chan & Thong, 2021). While later studies on information privacy concerns in South Africa have been conducted (Baloyi & Kotze, 2017b;Blauw & Von Solms, 2017;Jordaan & Ndhlovu, 2017;Mapande & Dagada, 2017;Parker & Van Belle, 2016;Tshiani & Tanner, 2018;Van der Merwe & Van Staden, 2015), the researchers did not use a validated privacy concern instrument incorporating all the conditions of POPIA and did not include a focus on privacy expectations in their studies.…”