Unstable Binocular Fixation Affects Reaction Times But Not Implicit Motor Learning in Dyslexia

Przekoracka-Krawczyk, Anna; Brenk-Krakowska, A; Nawrot, Piotr; Rusiak, Patrycja; Naskręcki, Ryszard

doi:10.1167/iovs.16-21305

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This, in turn, could be reflected by low adaptation rate and inability to fully reduce fixation disparity. The idea that the cerebellum may be involved in controlling VPA and other oculomotor deficits was also suggested in other studies which demonstrated impaired ability of implicit motor learning (one of the fundamental cerebellar functions) in subjects with binocular problems [56] and dyslexia [40], poor body balance control in adults [57] and children [58] with strabismus or changes in walking strategies applied by patients with strabismus [59]. All of these functions depend, at least to some extent, on cerebellar control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, in case of binocular disorders, the slow vergence system is not able to maintain a proper vergence posture and reduce FD, causing strain of the fast controller, which leads to visual symptoms during sustained viewing. It suggests that sustained FD, often observed in subjects with decompensated phoria [1, 38, 39] or individuals with reading problems [40, 41], might be treated as an indicator of impaired VPA. FD was not measured in the present study but in future studies it would be interesting to evaluate the correlation between FD and VPA skills in subjects with symptomatic heterophoria, dyslexia and patients with neurological (cerebellar) disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficient vergence prism adaptation in subjects with decompensated heterophoria

Przekoracka-Krawczyk¹,

Michalak²,

Pyżalska³

2019

PLoS ONE

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Vergence prism adaptability was evaluated in subjects with high symptomatic and asymptomatic heterophoria and compared to individuals with a heterophoria within normal range (the control group). A computer haploscope was used to measure phoria values and changes in the eye position after introducing 6 prism diopters base out in front of the right eye. Phoria values were measured with a nonius paradigm every minute for a period of 10 minutes during adaptation. The results showed that subjects with symptomatic heterophoria are characterized by a lower rate of prism adaptation and adapted to a smaller extent with respect to the control group. The group with high but asymptomatic heterophoria showed prolonged adaptation time but after several minutes of binocular viewing the subjects were able to adapt to the prism to a level similar to the control group. These findings suggest that an impairment in the slow vergence control system may be responsible for the inability to fully reduce vergence effort, which results in poor vergence ranges and asthenopic symptoms during prolonged viewing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient vergence prism adaptation in subjects with decompensated heterophoria

Przekoracka-Krawczyk¹,

Michalak²,

Pyżalska³

2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Numerous studies support the suggestion that cerebellar dysfunctions are commonly observed in developmental dyslexia (Eckert, Leonard, Richards, Aylward, Thomson, & Berninger, 2003;Nicolson, Fawcett, & Dean, 2001;Stoodley, Fawcett, Nicolson, & Stein, 2005;Vicari, Finzi, Menghini, Marotta, Baldi, & Petrosini, 2005;Vicari, Marotta, Menghini, Molinari, & Petrosini, 2003). Several investigations have reported dyslexic readers with deficits in vergence and other oculomotor function (Bucci, Brémond-Gignac, & Kapoula, 2008;Bucci, Nassibi, Gérard, Bui-Quoc, & Seassau, 2012;Kapoula & Bucci, 2007;Legrand, Bui-Quoc, Doré-Mazars, Lemoine, Gérard, & Bucci, 2012;Przekoracka-Krawczyk, Brenk-Krakowska, Nawrot, Rusiak, & Naskręcki, 2017). In addition, studies on strabismic patients also suggest dysfunction in the cerebellum (Gaertner, Creux, Espinasse-Berrod, Orssaud, Dufier, & Kapoula, 2013;Przekoracka-Krawczyk, Nawrot, Kopyciuk, & Naskrȩcki, 2015).…”

Section: Researchers Have Developed Several Paradigms Tomentioning

confidence: 82%

Test–retest of a phoria adaptation stimulus-induced functional MRI experiment

et al. 2020

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This study was designed to identify the neural substrates activated during a phoria adaptation task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young adults with normal binocular vision and to test the repeatability of the fMRI measurements for this protocol. The phoria adaptation task consisted of a block protocol of 90 seconds of near visual crossed fixation followed by 90 seconds of far visual uncrossed fixation, repeated three times; the data were collected during two different experimental sessions. Results showed that the oculomotor vermis, cuneus, and primary visual cortex had the greatest functional activity within the regions of interest studied when stimulated by the phoria adaptation task. The oculomotor vermis functional activity had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.3, whereas the bilateral cuneus and primary visual cortex had good ICC results of greater than 0.6. These results suggest that the sustained visual fixation task described within this study reliably activates the neural substrates of phoria adaptation. This protocol establishes a methodology that can be used in future longitudinal studies investigating therapeutic interventions that may modify phoria adaptation.

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“…When comparing the performance on SL tasks in a group of participants with developmental dyslexia (DD) to a control group (TD), the findings on the relationship between SL and reading outcome were mixed. While some studies found a significant group difference (e.g., Lukasova et al, 2016; Przekoracka-Krawczyk et al, 2017), others did not (e.g., Inácio et al, 2018; Staels & Van den Broeck, 2017). These inconsistent findings motivated the present meta-analysis, where we sought to symmetrically examine the magnitude of the association between SL and language and between SL and reading.…”

Section: The Link Between Sl and Language Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

A meta-analysis on the correlations between statistical learning, language, and reading outcomes.

Ren¹,

Wang²,

Arciuli³

2023

Developmental Psychology

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The purpose of this meta-analytic review is to investigate the relation between statistical learning (SL) and language-related outcomes, and between SL and reading-related outcomes. A comprehensive search of peerreviewed published research resulted in 42 articles with 53 independent samples and 201 reported effect sizes (Pearson's r). Results of our robust variance estimation correlated effects model revealed a significant, moderate relation between SL and language-related outcomes, r = .236, p , .001, and a significant, moderate relation between SL and reading-related outcomes, r = .239, p , .001. Moreover, age, the writing system of the language, and SL paradigm moderate the strength of the association between SL and reading. Age is the only significant moderator on the strength of the association between SL and language. The findings from this meta-analysis shed light on the contribution of multiple factors that impact how SL relates to language and reading outcomes, with important implications for developing effective instructional practices that emphasize statistical regularities of oral and written materials in the classroom. Theoretical implications of these findings for language and reading development are discussed. Public Significance StatementThis study demonstrated a moderate correlation between SL and language and reading outcomes, which is relevant to public health. Our findings can inform policy and be used to promote children's well-being and success in school. Educators may cultivate early SL skills and embed SL into instruction as a pathway to promote language and reading development.

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Unstable Binocular Fixation Affects Reaction Times But Not Implicit Motor Learning in Dyslexia

Abstract: Unstable binocularity in dyslexia may affect RTs but was not related to poor IML skills. Impaired IML in dyslexia was independent of the viewing conditions (monocular versus binocular) and may be related to cerebellar deficits.

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

Deficient vergence prism adaptation in subjects with decompensated heterophoria

Deficient vergence prism adaptation in subjects with decompensated heterophoria

Test–retest of a phoria adaptation stimulus-induced functional MRI experiment

A meta-analysis on the correlations between statistical learning, language, and reading outcomes.

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