Unstable supersaturated solutions of gases in liquids and nucleation theory

Bowers, Peter G.; Bar‐Eli, K.; Noyes, Richard M.

doi:10.1039/ft9969202843

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This remark had already been made by Bowers [31] in 1996. The latter supposed that the interfaces for nano-bubbles were vague, and that there was a domain of transition between the gas and the liquid (blobs).…”

Section: Solubilities Of Gases In Confined Phasementioning

confidence: 74%

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Solubility of gas in confined systems. Nonextensive thermodynamics approach

Letellier¹,

Turmine²

2013

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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The use of the concepts of the nonextensive thermodynamics allows reconsidering the equilibrium of bubble solubilization, and more commonly of gaseous aggregates in supersaturated solutions of gas. The introduced relations are general and include as particular cases the equations usually used to describe these phenomena. These equations are discussed.Especially, we specified the domain of application of Kelvin's relation which was illustrated by the solubility of gases in fogs and clouds. Various possibilities of thoughts on the behavior of the gaseous aggregates and nano-systems are proposed. Thus, the introduced relations permit to consider the presence of gaseous aggregates in equilibrium with the solution even for undersaturated solution. Non-extensive thermodynamics admits the notion of negative pressure at the inner of confined phases (solid or liquid).

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Section: Solubilities Of Gases In Confined Phasementioning

confidence: 74%

“…In the work of Bowers et al [31,40], this behavior is considered as particular case of the classical nucleation theory (CNT), for which the rate of nucleation is constant.…”

Section: Solubilities Of Gases In Confined Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of gas in confined systems. Nonextensive thermodynamics approach

Letellier¹,

Turmine²

2013

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…In this system at the limiting values of supersaturation registered in experiment, the critical bubble is characterized by a radius R * = 15 nm, and the pressure p * = 9.5 MPa. The Gibbs number G * = W * /k B T , i.e., the ratio between the work of formation of a critical nucleus and the energy of thermal motion of molecules k B T , is about 1.56 × 10 4 in this case [28]. Overcoming such a high potential barrier via homogeneous nucleation of the gas phase in characteristic times of an experiment is an unlikely event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boiling‐Up Kinetics of Solutions of Cryogenic Liquids

Байдаков

2005

Nucleation Theory and Applications

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A kinetic theory of the process of boiling-up of superheated binary solutions is developed. In the framework of the Kramers-Zeldovich method, describing nucleation as a process of Brownian motion of the nucleus in the field of thermodynamic forces, an equation for the steady-state nucleation rate is derived. In the analysis of this kinetic problem, the whole spectrum of possible factors is included, which may limit the growth of the nucleus: the volatility of the solution, viscosity and inertia effects in the motion of the liquid, diffusion, and thermal conduction effects at the phase boundaries. For the determination of the work of critical cluster formation, the van der Waals theory of capillarity is utilized. This theory allows an account of the dependence of the properties of critical clusters on cluster size. The results of experiments on nucleation (the determination of the mean lifetimes of the solutions and the steady-state nucleation rates) in metastable solutions with full (Ar-Kr) and partial (He-O 2 ) solubility are given in dependence on temperature, pressure, and composition of the solutions. The results of the experiments are compared with the theoretical predictions. It is shown that a good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is reached when the curvature corrections to the surface tension, calculated via the van der Waals approach, are taken into account. IntroductionA first-order phase transition presupposes the existence of metastable states. It proceeds frequently via the formation and subsequent growth of critical nuclei of a new phase. In pure systems, in the absence of external factors initiating a phase transition, nuclei form via spontaneous fluctuations (homogeneous nucleation). The emergence of a new-phase fragment in a homogeneous metastable system is connected with the formation of a phase boundary and accompanied by an increase in the excess free energy . The competition of the surface and volume terms, entering the expression for the free energy with opposite signs, results in the existence of a finite maximum = W * . The fragments corresponding to the maximum of are called critical nuclei, and the quantity W * is the work of their formation. At each moment of time, the overwhelming majority of fragments has precritical sizes R < R * . Their existence is unfavorable from a thermodynamic point of view and they dissolve as a rule. However, due to fluctuations some of the fragments may grow up to sizes exceeding the critical one and then their further growth is thermodynamically irreversible.The discussed concepts form the basis of the classical nucleation theory formulated among others by Volmer [1], Döring [2], Zeldovich [3], and Frenkel [4]. For one-component systems, Nucleation Theory and Applications. edited by J. W. P. Schmelzer

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“…In electrolytic mediums, bubble nucleation is driven by the thermodynamic supersaturation, ζ, which is the ratio of the dissolved gases concentration adjacent to the electrode surface, c e (mol m −3 ), to the dissolved gases concentration in the bulk liquid phase at equilibrium at a location far from the electrode, c ∞ . Nucleation requires ζ, in general, to exceeds 100 [36]. While in case the bulk concentration is significantly depleted due large number of bubble formation which requires higher activation energy for nucleation, the limits of ζ shows small variations [36].…”

Section: Bubble Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucleation requires ζ, in general, to exceeds 100 [36]. While in case the bulk concentration is significantly depleted due large number of bubble formation which requires higher activation energy for nucleation, the limits of ζ shows small variations [36].…”

Section: Bubble Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of bubbles hydrodynamics and mass transfer in electrochemical gas-evolving systems

Taqieddin¹

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Unstable supersaturated solutions of gases in liquids and nucleation theory

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Solubility of gas in confined systems. Nonextensive thermodynamics approach

Solubility of gas in confined systems. Nonextensive thermodynamics approach

Boiling‐Up Kinetics of Solutions of Cryogenic Liquids

Modeling of bubbles hydrodynamics and mass transfer in electrochemical gas-evolving systems

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