Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Cu–Al₂O₃/Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer from an Exponentially Accelerated Plate

Abstract

The present study intends to explore heat transfer characteristics of the unsteady natural convective flow of Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid due to exponentially accelerated vertical plate. 2D Laminar viscous incompressible boundary layer fluid flow is considered in the presence of MHD and accelerating parameter. The governing partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are solved using the Crank-Nicolson numerical technique. Plots for skin friction coefficient, velocity, temperature, Nusselt number concerning Magnetic parameter (M), Accelerating parameter (a), Grashof number (Gr), Volume fraction (Φ2), and time are disclosed. The study imparted that Cu–Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles with water as base fluid facilitate a higher heat transfer rate and soaring Nusselt number compared to nanofluid Cu/water. Furthermore, we found an elevated skin friction coefficient in nanofluid Cu/water than in hybrid nanofluid Cu–Al2O3/water in all non-dimensional parameters.

Hall current and Dufour effect on the flow of a viscous fluid in the presence of suction, chemical reaction, and heat source: Laplace transform procedure

“…The obtained results are of practical interest in many industrial and engineering processes, such as solar power production, design of aircraft, Hall accelerators, and magnetometers. The present work can be extended for nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids, which have diverse applications in heat exchangers, cooling systems of nuclear reactors, microelectronics, solar collectors, and biomedicine 58–60 . Further, the model can be extended for different non‐Newtonian fluids incorporating the effects of slip, Soret, and nonlinear thermal radiation under the framework of the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion model 61–63 …”