“…The thermal or natural convection is nontrivial as the combined influence of momentum, and heat transfer effects based on geometries and heating of walls lead to complex fluid flow and heat transfer features. Furthermore, the effect of geometrical intricacies, especially in the case of enclosures (with curved or inclined walls) confining porous bed with various limits of porosities can induce intriguing features of fluid flow and heat transport leading to the extensive research on temperature characteristics (via isotherms) associated with flow visualization (via streamlines) with/without heat flow visualization [via heatlines as first proposed by Kimura and Bejan (1983)] over the past few decades (Murthy et al , 1997; Kumar et al , 1998; Kumar, 2000; Kumar and Shalini, 2003a, 2003b, 2004; Das et al , 2003; Misirlioglu et al , 2005; Misirlioglu et al , 2006; Chen et al , 2007; Khanafer et al , 2009; Basak et al , 2013; Sojoudi et al , 2014; Biswal and Basak, 2017a, 2018; Haq et al , 2018; Cheong et al , 2018; Lukose and Basak, 2020; Saha et al , 2020; Belabid, 2020; Rashed et al , 2021; Rao and Barman, 2021). A number of earlier studies do involve analysis with second law of thermodynamics involving entropy generation rates which elucidate the efficacy of process via entropy production minimization approach [introduced by Bejan (1982)].…”