Unsupervised Scoliosis Diagnosis via a Joint Recognition Method with Multifeature Descriptors and Centroids Extraction

Abstract

To solve the problem of scoliosis recognition without a labeled dataset, an unsupervised method is proposed by combining the cascade gentle AdaBoost (CGAdaBoost) classifier and distance regularized level set evolution (DRLSE). The main idea of the proposed method is to establish the relationship between individual vertebrae and the whole spine with vertebral centroids. Scoliosis recognition can be transferred into automatic vertebral detection and segmentation processes, which can avoid the manual data-labeling processing. In the CGAdaBoost classifier, diversified vertebrae images and multifeature descriptors are considered to generate more discriminative features, thus improving the vertebral detection accuracy. After that, the detected bounding box represents an appropriate initial contour of DRLSE to make the vertebral segmentation more accurate. It is helpful for the elimination of initialization sensitivity and quick convergence of vertebra boundaries. Meanwhile, vertebral centroids are extracted to connect the whole spine, thereby describing the spinal curvature. Different parts of the spine are determined as abnormal or normal in accordance with medical prior knowledge. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method cannot only effectively identify scoliosis with unlabeled spine CT images but also have superiority against other state-of-the-art methods.

Evaluation of children’s oral diagnosis and treatment using imaging examination using AI based Internet of Things

“…The algorithm’s difficulty with the vanishing edge can be attributed to lower edge contrast, complex background elements, and variations in lighting conditions. To improve segmentation in these cases, additional techniques or modifications to the algorithm may be needed, such as incorporating advanced edge detection methods or considering object-level context [ 29 ].…”