Untargeted metabolic profiling of winery-derived biomass waste degradation byAspergillus niger

Abstract

BACKGROUND Ascomycetes are capable of considerable lignocellulose degradation. However, there is limited knowledge on the metabolic profile of their biomass degradation. Metabolomic studies are capable of providing important biochemical information to understand and characterise fungal biomass degradation mechanisms. RESULTS Winery biomass waste of Vitis vinifera var. Shiraz was subjected to Aspergillus niger mediated solid state fermentation for 8 days in 2H2O supplemented medium. Samples were collected every 24 h, freeze‐dried and derivatized before GC‐MS analysis. Covariance‐inverse multivariate statistics were used to classify the most significant metabolites. Metabolite‐flux profiling classified 37 unique metabolites in 18 different pathways leading to or from glycolysis‐tricarboxylic acid pathways. The majority of the sugars were consumed during the first 4 days; this was in order to synthesize fatty acids, amino acids and secondary metabolites. Inhibition started at day 5, as indicated by the accumulation of sugars and the plateauing of N‐acetyl glucosamine (a major fungal cell wall component). CONCLUSIONS A 4‐day continuous yeast or mixed fungal fermentation will not only prevent product inhibition, but it will also aid in generating bio‐ethanol. Inducing 2‐keto‐acid decarboxylases followed alcohol dehydrogenases at the onset of inhibition is predicted to aid in the generation of butanol isomers, which are considered valuable sources of fuel. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Winery-Derived Biomass Waste Degradation by Penicillium chrysogenum

“…This drop in the melatonin levels can be attributed to the late autolysis observed in P. chrysogenum cultures, as indicated by the decrease in chitin biosynthesis intermediates (Figure B). The observed results were found to be in agreement with the previously reported metabolic flux of A. niger …”

“…The observed results were found to be in agreement with the previously reported metabolic flux of A. niger. 29 Glycerate-3-phosphate Junction. Glycerate-3-phosphate, or 3-phosphogleceric acid, is the downstream metabolite of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the glycolysis pathway.…”

“…This was in contrast to the levels observed in our previous study investigating A. niger metabolism, where the levels were >100 mg/L during the early phase of metabolism. 29 One of the reasons for this might be the biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, and isoprenoids, as explained below.…”

A Community Multi-Omics Approach towards the Assessment of Surface Water Quality in an Urban River System

“…Single quadrupole GC-MS was performed as previously reported [46,47]. Briefly, an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph (GC) oven coupled to a 5977A mass spectrometer (MS) detector (Agilent Technologies) was used.…”

Metabolic profiling and in vitro assessment of anthelmintic fractions of Picria fel-terrae Lour.

“…To accommodate the outliers and enable differentiation and greater predictability between the groups based on metabolic features, a Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was employed ( Karpe et al., 2015a , Karpe et al., 2015c ). PLS-DA is a supervised method used to analyse large datasets and has the ability to assess linear/polynomial correlation between variable matrices by lowering the dimensions of the predictive model, enabling easy discrimination between samples and the metabolite features that cause the discrimination ( Wold et al., 2001 ).…”