Untersuchungen �ber die Aktivit�t der Mikroorganismen in Mull, Moder und Rohhumus

Meyer, F. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00408622

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The experiments show that the cellulose and cutin components of the cuticle are readily attacked by microorganisms of the soil. The decomposition of the pectic substances of the cuticle could not be shown by optical methods, but pectin is known to be degraded by molds like Penicillium spinulosum (HEINEN 1962)and a variety of soil microorganisms (MEYER 1959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Decay of Cutin and Cuticular Components by Soil Microorganisms in Their Natural Environment

Vries

Bredemeijer

Heinen

1967

Acta Botanica Neerlandica

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The cuticular components cellulose and cutin are decomposed in a period of 3-8 months (depending on the season) by soil microorganisms under natural conditions. The cellulose is attacked prior to the cutin layer. The latter is invaded by microorganisms which settle first in the cellulose layer. If purified cutin strips with the cellulose removed, are exposed to the action of soil microorganisms, the degradation also starts from the "inside" of the layer.The progress of degradation depends on the soil used, active garden soil giving the best, and poor sand soil the slowest attack. The degradation of the cutin layers starts with a swelling of the former boundaries of the epidermal cells, then follows the removal of successive sub-layers and finally the detachment of entire subunits from the weakened structure, ultimately leading to a total decay of the structure. The detachment of the lamellae within the cutin layer could be shown in cross sections of the exposed material by electron microscopical examination.Halo-formation around the invading microorganisms, and the lipid accumulation as a result of fatty acid release from the cutin by far-distance decomposition, showed that cutin decay by exo-enzyme action is a widespread property of soil microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Decay of Cutin and Cuticular Components by Soil Microorganisms in Their Natural Environment

Vries

Bredemeijer

Heinen

1967

Acta Botanica Neerlandica

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“…Muller ( 1878) noticed that brown-coloured hyphae were more frequent in mor (raw humus) than in mull (lumbricid humus), and this difference in growth has been considered a characteristic feature distinguishing mull and mor (Muller 1878, Wilde 1954. Meyer (1959) found that the number of mycelia in lumbricid humus and raw humus do not show much difference when measured by the dilution plate method and expressed per gram of organic matter. Jensen (1963), using the same technique, found that per gram of dry soil, raw humus contains 3-4 times as many mycelia as does lumbricid humus, but per gram organic matter, the number of fungi was slightly higher in lumbricid humus than in raw humus.…”

Section: Brown-coloured Hypha Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Forest development, soil genesis and human activity illustrated by pollen and hypha analysis of two neighbouring podzols in Draved Forest, Denmark

Aaby

1983

raekke2

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A small investigation area, located in an old natural Fagus-Quercus forest, was selected for an analysis of vegetational development, soil genesis, human activity, and interaction between the processes. Podzol soils dominate the investigation area. The thickness of the humus cover varies between 5-52 cm. Two sections were excavated and material collected for pedological and microfossil analysis. Sites only 7 m apart were chosen to illustrate short-distance similarities and dissimilarities in soil development and pollen representation. Sediment accumulation curves are constructed on the basis of historical information on changes in forest composition dating back to AD 1750. Older sediments are dated from their pollen content, assuming a constant pollen influx, similar to the period AD 1750-1980. The accumulation curves reach back to the Subboreal and to the Middle Ages respectively. Relative and absolute pollen diagrams are constructed to show forest development. Concentration diagrams are calculated for the period prior to AD 1750, and an influx diagram covers the period AD 1750-1980.A primeval Tilia forest dominated the area until Late Subboreal, when human interference is first detected in one of the diagrams. Leaf-hay gathering by shredding, which did not substantially change the forest composition, was practiced until late in the Middle Ages, and the mixed Tilia vegetation persisted until about AD 1650 when the Tilia trees were felled and succeeded by a Quercus-Fagus-Betula vegetation which has dominated the area since. Changes in the use of the forest caused the death of the Tilia forest. Viscum album was present in Draved Forest until the eradication of its host. The presence of Viscum in the l6th-18th centuries indicates that this species tolerates lower summer temperature than earlier supposed. Comparison of the two percentage diagrams shows significant differences in pollen frequency, although the sites are located only 7 m apart. Similar pollen influx rates were calculated for both sites AD 1750-1980. The mean total pollen influx amounted to about 44000 pollen cm-2year-1 or 12-15000 APcorr. cm-2year-1. Distinct influx variations were recognized within smaller time units.Two types of pollen deterioration, corrosion and thinning, were distinguished and their influence on the pollen spectra analysed. The conclusion being that the pollen spectra are only slightly influenced by pollen deterioration, and differential pollen destruction does not seem to be an important source of error in pollen analysis from the raw humus stage, the arthropod humus stage, and the lumbricid humus stage. Pollen destruction was important only in the lumbricid humus stage, and both types of pollen deterioration are involved.Fungal hypha analysis includes total length measurements as well as the relative size distribution of hypha fragments. Litter composition strongly influences the annual growth of brown-coloured hyphae. The rate of litter decomposition is another important factor. The hypha production was slow in the lumbricid humus stage and accelerated in the arthropod- and raw humus stages. Hypha fragments in the soil show characteristic length-frequency distributions which indicate comminution by macro- and microarthropods during burial.The investigation has demonstrated a close relationship between soil development, forest composition and human activity. Anthropogenic disturbance and a changing forest composition accelerate soil development, which is also depending on lithology and topography. The development of a podzol was completed within a period of only 300 years in one of the sections, while it took more than 2000 years to reach the same state of maturity at the other site, only 7 m away.

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“…Rohhumus). Die Beschreibung der Versuchsböden sowie der Probeflächen befindet sich in einer früheren Arbeit (MEYER 1959 Die im Vorjahr erfolgte Düngung zeigte im darauf folgenden Jahr noch deutliche Nachwirkungen in Form reduzierter relativer Wurzellängen, ja diese lagen im Falle der N -und N-P-Ca-Gaben sogar tiefer als bei den Pflanzen, die erst im zweiten Jahr Dünger erhielten (vgl. Tab.…”

Section: Methodikunclassified

39. Franz H. Meyer: Die Entwicklung von Buchenjungpflanzen in unterschiedlichem Bodenmilieu

1961

Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft

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ZusammenfassungBuchenjungpflanzen entwickeln in eutropher und podsoliger Braunerde größere Gesamtblattflächen als im Podsol. Zum Wurzelaufbau dagegen wird im Podsol ein höherer Anteil der Assimilate verwendet als in der Braunerde.Die relative Wurzellänge (Wurzellänge je cm2 Blattfläche) sinkt mit zunehmender Bodengüte vom Podsol über podsolige Braunerde zur eutrophen Braunerde. In der Humusstoffschicht der einzelnen Bodentypen erreicht sie stets höhere Werte als im B‐Horizont.Düngung drängt die relative Wurzellänge meistens zurück, und zwar im Podsol stärker als in der Braunerde.Der Einfluß der relativen Wurzellänge auf Wasserhaushalt und Krankheitsbereitschaft wird diskutiert.Die Untersuchungen wurden gefördert durch ERP‐Mittel. Den technischen Assistentinnen Frl. L. HESS und Frl. M. SCHMEKAL danke ich für ihre Geduld beim Vermessen der Wurzellängen.

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Untersuchungen �ber die Aktivit�t der Mikroorganismen in Mull, Moder und Rohhumus

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

The Decay of Cutin and Cuticular Components by Soil Microorganisms in Their Natural Environment

The Decay of Cutin and Cuticular Components by Soil Microorganisms in Their Natural Environment

Forest development, soil genesis and human activity illustrated by pollen and hypha analysis of two neighbouring podzols in Draved Forest, Denmark

39. Franz H. Meyer: Die Entwicklung von Buchenjungpflanzen in unterschiedlichem Bodenmilieu

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