Untersuchungen über die Symbiose von Tieren mit Pilzen und Bakterien. IX. Über die Beziehungen zwischen Symbionten und Wirtsorganismus bei <i>Pseudococcus citri, Ps. maritimus</i> und <i>Orthezia insignis</i>

Köhler, Michael; Schwartz, W.

doi:10.1002/jobm.3630020305

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Absence of DNA indicates that the bacteria were digested or excreted by the host. This reflects a previous study, in which long‐term heat stress at 39 °C physically damaged the symbiont system (Köhler & Schwartz, ). This may suggest that the heat is associated with cell death, or perhaps triggers an internal molecular mechanism or molecular cascade in P. citri which caused a host response to eradicate the symbiotic bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Other species of mealybug show similar life‐history patterns, with fecundity, longevity, and adult weight peaking at species‐specific optimum temperatures in Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Patil et al., ), Pseudococcus citriculus (Green) and P. kraunhiae (Arai, ), Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Amarasekare et al., ), and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzeti) (Santa‐Cecília et al., ). Long‐term exposure of juvenile and adult P. citri to 39 °C led to dismantling of the mycetocytes, ultimately leading to the death of the hosts (Köhler & Schwartz, ). This demonstrates temperature as a limiting factor in mealybug growth and reproduction, and as an influential factor in sex determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐term heat stress results in diminution of bacterial symbionts but has little effect on life history in adult female citrus mealybugs

Parkinson

Gobin²,

Hughes

2014

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term heat stress results in diminution of bacterial symbionts but has little effect on life history in adult female citrus mealybugs

Parkinson

Gobin²,

Hughes

2014

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The infection dynamics plausibly reflects important biological roles of the primary ␤-endosymbionts for the nutritional and reproductive physiology of the host mealybugs. It was reported that ingestion of antibiotics by mealybugs or exposure to high temperatures resulted in degeneration of the endosymbiotic system within a few days, and the insects died soon after (23). The host-symbiont cocladogenesis over evolutionary time (2,12) also favors the idea that the primary ␤-endosymbionts are essential for the host mealybugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological roles of the ␤-and ␥-endosymbionts for the host insect are almost untouched, except for an early work describing that antibiotic and high-temperature treatments of mealybugs resulted in degeneration of the endosymbiotic system and mortality of the insects (23). Nutritional, physiological, and ecological interactions between the ␤-endosymbiont, the ␥-endosymbiont, and the host insect are totally unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infection Dynamics of Coexisting Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria in the Nested Endosymbiotic System of Mealybugs

Kono

Koga

Shimada

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We investigated the infection dynamics of endosymbiotic bacteria in the developmental course of the mealybugs Planococcus kraunhiae and Pseudococcus comstocki. Molecular phylogenetic analyses identified a betaproteobacterium and a gammaproteobacterium from each of the mealybug species. The former bacterium was related to the ␤-endosymbionts of other mealybugs, i.e., "Candidatus Tremblaya princeps," and formed a compact clade in the Betaproteobacteria. Meanwhile, the latter bacterium was related to the ␥-endosymbionts of other mealybugs but belonged to distinct clades in the Gammaproteobacteria. Whole-mount in situ hybridization confirmed the peculiar nested formation in the endosymbiotic system of the mealybugs: the ␤-endosymbiont cells were present in the cytoplasm of the bacteriocytes, and the ␥-endosymbiont cells were located in the ␤-endosymbiont cells. In nymphal and female development, a large oval bacteriome consisting of a number of bacteriocytes was present in the abdomen, wherein the endosymbionts were harbored. In male development, strikingly, the bacteriome progressively degenerated in prepupae and pupae and became almost unrecognizable in adult males. In the degeneration process, the ␥-endosymbionts disappeared more rapidly than the ␤-endosymbionts did. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that (i) the population dynamics of the endosymbionts in female development reflected the reproductive activity of the insects, (ii) the population dynamics of the endosymbionts were strikingly different between female development and male development, (iii) the endosymbiont populations drastically decreased in male development, and (iv) the ␥-endosymbiont populations decreased more rapidly than the ␤-endosymbiont populations in male development. Possible mechanisms underlying the uncoupled regulation of the ␤-and ␥-endosymbiont populations are discussed in relation to the establishment and evolution of this unique prokaryote-prokaryote endosymbiotic system.

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“…The only relevant study is a report which showed that injection of penicillin into the circulating sap of host plants had a lethal effect on P. citri and P. maritimus, suggesting that some bacterial associates may be essential for these pseudococcids (27). Since intracellular symbiotic bacteria harbored in well-developed mycetomes have been commonly found in the pseudococcids examined so far (6,41), the endosymbionts may play some essential physiological and nutritional roles in the hosts, as has been demonstrated in aphids, planthoppers, and other insects (5,(11)(12)(13)36).…”

Section: Vol 66 2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiotic Microbiota of the Bamboo PseudococcidAntonina crawii(Insecta, Homoptera)

Fukatsu¹,

Nikoh

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

105

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We characterized the intracellular symbiotic microbiota of the bamboo pseudococcid Antonina crawii by performing a molecular phylogenetic analysis in combination with in situ hybridization. Almost the entire length of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and cloned from A. crawii whole DNA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the clones obtained included three distinct types of sequences. Nucleotide sequences of the three types were determined and subjected to a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The first sequence was a member of the ␥ subdivision of the division Proteobacteria (␥-Proteobacteria) to which no sequences in the database were closely related, although the sequences of endosymbionts of other homopterans, such as psyllids and aphids, were distantly related. The second sequence was a ␤-Proteobacteria sequence and formed a monophyletic group with the sequences of endosymbionts from other pseudococcids. The third sequence exhibited a high level of similarity to sequences of Spiroplasma spp. from ladybird beetles and a tick. Localization of the endosymbionts was determined by using tissue sections of A. crawii and in situ hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes. The ␥-and ␤-Proteobacteria symbionts were packed in the cytoplasm of the same mycetocytes (or bacteriocytes) and formed a large mycetome (or bacteriome) in the abdomen. The spiroplasma symbionts were also present intracellularly in various tissues at a low density. We observed that the anterior poles of developing eggs in the ovaries were infected by the ␥-and ␤-Proteobacteria symbionts in a systematic way, which ensured vertical transmission. Five representative pseudococcids were examined by performing diagnostic PCR experiments with specific primers; the ␤-Proteobacteria symbiont was detected in all five pseudococcids, the ␥-Proteobacteria symbiont was found in three, and the spiroplasma symbiont was detected only in A. crawii.

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Untersuchungen über die Symbiose von Tieren mit Pilzen und Bakterien. IX. Über die Beziehungen zwischen Symbionten und Wirtsorganismus bei Pseudococcus citri, Ps. maritimus und Orthezia insignis

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Short‐term heat stress results in diminution of bacterial symbionts but has little effect on life history in adult female citrus mealybugs

Short‐term heat stress results in diminution of bacterial symbionts but has little effect on life history in adult female citrus mealybugs

Infection Dynamics of Coexisting Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria in the Nested Endosymbiotic System of Mealybugs

Endosymbiotic Microbiota of the Bamboo PseudococcidAntonina crawii(Insecta, Homoptera)

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