Untersuchungen über die Ursache des Schälens des Rotwildes

Ueckermann, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01916160

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, we noticed that higher bark‐stripping rates occurred in mono‐specific stands (one dominant tree species) and the lowest in sites with two or more dominant tree species. This trend of high bark‐stripping when food resources are scarce is also suggested by several studies (for red deer: Ueckermann, 1956; Rijcken, 1965; Van de Veen, 1979; Welch et al ., 1987; Maizeret & Ballon, 1990; Volk, 1999; for moose: Nygren, 1990; Randveer & Heikkila, 1996). We assumed that food availability was positively related to the occurrence of artificial food, but we failed to show a significant relationship between bark‐stripping rates and artificial feeding occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…For deciduous trees, no significant relationship between bark‐stripping rates and red deer density can be detected with a small sample size ( n = 11). Some authors found a positive relation between bark‐stripping and density (for red deer: Ueckermann, 1956; König, 1969; Pheiffer & Hartfield, 1984; for moose: Randveer & Heikkila, 1996; for sika deer: Yokoyama et al ., 2001), while others do not (Welch et al ., 1987; Saint‐Andrieux & Klein, 1995; Volk, 1999). In the latter cases, insufficient sample size, narrow range of densities and interactions with other factors such as food availability could minimize the relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in bark‐stripping by red deer Cervus elaphus across Europe

et al. 2006

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1. The literature on bark-stripping by red deer Cervus elaphus in Europe is reviewed to reveal quantitative variation in this behaviour and relate it to deer density and local characteristics such as dominant tree species, occurrence of artificial feeding, altitude, region and size of the study site. We also review the importance of bark in red deer diets over the seasons and discuss the causes of bark-stripping, focusing on the significance of bark as food. 2.Over the 36 sites examined, the rate of bark-stripping was highly variable (from 0 to 84% of susceptible trees debarked), with less damage in Scotland than in other European sites for which bark-stripping rates were higher at high red deer density. Altitude, the size of the study site, the number of dominant tree species and the occurrence of artificial feeding do not significantly relate to the rate of bark-stripping. 3. Bark sometimes made up a large proportion of red deer diet ( > 10%), especially in areas with severe winters (high levels of snow), whereas in study sites with mild winters, bark was practically not eaten at all. 4. These results suggest that severe bark-stripping could be related to a reduction in food resource availability. This food availability hypothesis needs to be better documented, dealing particularly with the possible interaction between food availability and red deer density.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in bark‐stripping by red deer Cervus elaphus across Europe

et al. 2006

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“…The monetary value of stands damaged by bark stripping ranges from 70-95% of the hypothetical value of healthy stands [77]. A positive relationship between bark stripping and population density of red deer was documented, e.g., throughout Europe [37,78,79], with respect to sika deer, with higher damage intensity found in Austria [74] or in native extension area (central Japan) [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bark Stripping on Timber Production and Structure of Norway Spruce Forests in Relation to Climatic Factors

Cukor

Vacek

Linda

et al. 2019

Forests

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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bark stripping caused by sika deer (Cervus nippon [Temminck]) on the production and structure of young Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forest stands (41–43 years). Production parameters, structure, diversity, and the dynamics of radial growth in selected forest stands in relation to climatic conditions were evaluated. Similar to other production parameters, stand volumes showed lower values on research plots heavily damaged by bark stripping (290 m3 ha−1) compared to stands with lower tree stem damages (441 m3 ha−1). A significant decrease in stem volume was recorded for trees with stem circumference damage higher than 1/3 of the stem circumference. In most cases, the trees were damaged between the ages of 10–23 years, specifically the radial growth was significantly lowered in this period. The diameter increment of damaged trees dropped to 64% of the healthy counterparts in this period. Bark stripping damages reached up to 93% of the stem circumference with a mean damage of 31%. Stem rot was found on 62% of damaged trees. In our study area, with respect to the terms of climatic conditions, precipitation had a higher effect on radial growth of the Norway spruce compared to temperature. The main limiting climatic factor of tree growth was the lack of precipitation within a growing season, particularly in June of the current year.

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“…Schälungen grösseren Umfangs sind in Mitteleuropa fast ausschliesslich auf den Rothirsch (Cervus elaphus L.) zurückzuführen (BINDERNAGEL 1971). Besonders in den waldbaulich stark beeinflussten Fichtenwäldern Deutschlands und Österreichs sind Schälungen weit verbreitet und forstwirtschaftlich bedeutsam (UECKERMANN 1986a). Eine gesamtschweizerische Umfrage aus dem Jahr 1997 (MEIER et al 1998) lässt vermuten, dass Schälungen in der Schweiz weniger häufig sind als in den Nachbarländern.…”

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“…HARTFIEL 1978) aufzufassen. Insgesamt ergaben sich aber keine überzeugenden Hinweise, dass Rindennahrung bezüglich bestimmter Inhaltsstoffe der übrigen Äsung überlegen wäre (UECKERMANN 1956;UECKERMANN & HARTFIEL 1963;GRONBACH 1964;PHEIF-FER 1983;GILL 1992a;ANDO et al 2003). Immerhin zeigten die Untersuchungen von KÖNIG (1968) und REIJNDERS & VAN DE VEEN (1974), dass viele Rinden zur bevorzugten Schälzeit gute Lieferanten von Wasser und gewissen Zuckern sind, und auch ihr Gehalt an bestimmten Spurenelementen (z.B.…”

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Schälungen durch den Rothirsch: eine Fallstudie in den Nordostschweizer Voralpen | Bark stripping by red deer: a case study in the Pre-Alps of northeastern Switzerland

Rheinberger

Suter²

2006

Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Forstwesen

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Bark stripping by deer and other mammals may not only impair the future quality of wood but also influence tree survival. Large-scale bark stripping can thus impact forest functions such as wood production and protection against natural hazards. As for now, research into causes of bark stripping behaviour has not led to a coherent functional understanding, although the behaviour is more common in artificial stands offering poor forage. The present study of intensive bark stripping in ash stands shows that such behaviour may also occur in deer wintering areas where habitat quality is supposed to be good.

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Untersuchungen über die Ursache des Schälens des Rotwildes

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Variations in bark‐stripping by red deer Cervus elaphus across Europe

Variations in bark‐stripping by red deer Cervus elaphus across Europe

Effects of Bark Stripping on Timber Production and Structure of Norway Spruce Forests in Relation to Climatic Factors

Schälungen durch den Rothirsch: eine Fallstudie in den Nordostschweizer Voralpen | Bark stripping by red deer: a case study in the Pre-Alps of northeastern Switzerland

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