Untersuchungen über Herstellung und Struktur des Radnetzes von Aranea diadema und Zilla x-notata mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Unterschiedes von Jugend- und Altersnetzen

Mayer, Gerhard

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1952.tb01654.x

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Leg oIV of M. duodecimspinosa and leg iI of L. mariana were moved in exploratory patterns just preceding contact with the sticky spiral, and immediately after contact with the inner loop, these movements ceased and attachment behavior occurred (for further details see W. Eberhard in prep.). Along with the similar observations of exploratory behavior in many other orb weavers (Mayer 1952;Eberhard 1982;Kuntner et al 2008), and similar experimental responses by the araneids A. argentata (W. Eberhard, unpubl. 1).…”

Section: Cues Guiding Sticky Spiral Placementsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Direct observations of >20 L. mariana and video recordings of two others showed that they used leg iI, as is typical in other tetragnathids. These are the 'inner loop localization' movements that are thought to function to guide the placement of the sticky spiral for orb spiders (Hingston 1920;Peters 1939;Mayer 1952;Eberhard 1982;Vollrath 1987;Kuntner et al 2008). 1b).…”

Section: Contact With the Inner Loop Of Sticky Spiralmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cues that Spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae) Use to Build Orbs: Lapses in Attention to One Set of Cues because of Dissonance with Others?

Eberhard

Hesselberg

2012

Ethology

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Even for small animals such as spiders, behavioral decisions are sometimes influenced by multiple cues. Orb webs constitute exquisitely precise records of the stimuli the spider experienced and the decisions that it made while building its web. In addition, because spiders appear to sense their webs largely by touch, direct behavioral observations can determine which stimuli they probably sense. Previous studies have shown that when an orb‐weaving spider decides how far apart to space successive sticky lines during orb construction, it responds to at least five different kinds of stimuli, all of which apparently use a cue from the web, the location of the previous, inner loop of sticky spiral (IL location), as a point of reference. Here we show that two additional cues from the web, which are related to the position of the temporary spiral (TS), also influence sticky spiral spacing. A combination of direct observations of spider movements, analyses of complete and partially complete webs, and responses to experimental modifications of the web of two species in different families, Micrathena duodecimspinosa (Araneidae) and Leucauge mariana (Tetragnathidae), indicate that both the TS‐IL distance itself and the short‐term memory of the change in TS‐IL distance compared with that on other recently encountered radii correlate with sticky spiral spacing. When the TS‐IL distance was large, the spiders apparently ceased to attend to other cues. Thus, even the relatively stereotyped behavior of orb construction includes variation that stems from attention‐like mental processes.

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Section: Cues Guiding Sticky Spiral Placementsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Contact With the Inner Loop Of Sticky Spiralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cues that Spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae) Use to Build Orbs: Lapses in Attention to One Set of Cues because of Dissonance with Others?

Eberhard

Hesselberg

2012

Ethology

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“…Despite their structural variability, almost all vertical orb webs share the trait that they are vertically asymmetric with a larger extent of the capture area below the hub than above (e.g. Mayer, ; Witt & Reed, ; Risch, ; Endo, ; ap Rhisiart & Vollrath, ; Heiling & Herberstein, ). Empirical and theoretical studies suggest that this asymmetry is primarily an adaptation to the spider's prey‐capture behaviour, reflecting the spider's ability to run downwards faster than upwards (Masters & Moffat, ; ap Rhisiart & Vollrath, ; Coslovsky & Zschokke, ; Maciejewski, ; Nakata & Zschokke, ; Zschokke & Nakata, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical asymmetries in orb webs

Zschokke

Nakata

2015

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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In almost all vertical orb webs the hub is above the geometric centre and consequently, the extent of the capture area is larger below the hub than above. In addition to this vertical web‐extent asymmetry, orb webs show vertical asymmetries in number of spiral loops, mesh widths, and angles between radii. However, it was unknown whether these asymmetries are adaptations to the web‐extent asymmetry or whether they are linked to gravity in a different way than through web‐extent asymmetry. We reviewed known vertical asymmetries of orb webs, and we analysed the asymmetries of webs built by four different Cyclosa species, which show large intra‐ and inter‐specific variation in web‐extent asymmetry. We found all analysed structural asymmetries to be linked both to web‐extent asymmetry and to gravity: Larger web extents below the hub and gravity both led to more sticky‐spiral loops and to smaller angles between radii below the hub, whereas web‐extent asymmetry and gravity had opposing effects on mesh width (mean and peripheral). Independent of web‐extent asymmetry, almost all analysed webs had narrower peripheral meshes and smaller angles between radii below the hub than above. We interpret the narrow peripheral meshes along the web's lower edge as an adaptation to prevent tumbling prey from escaping, and the small angles between radii as an adaptation to prevent the sticky‐spiral lines in these narrow meshes to come into contact with each other. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 114, 659–672.

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“…It has long been known that longer radii in orbs tend to make smaller angles with adjacent radii than do shorter radii (Hingston 1923;Koenig 1951;Mayer 1952;LeGuelte 1966;Eberhard 1972). This relationship is thought to result from behavioural adjustments during radius construction that adaptively preserve minimum spaces between radii in the outer portions of orbs (Hingston 1923;Peters 1937;Eberhard 1972).…”

Section: Behavioural Flexibility: Adjustments Of Web Variables To Eacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are smaller animals behaviourally limited? Lack of clear constraints in miniature spiders

Eberhard

2011

Animal Behaviour

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Untersuchungen über Herstellung und Struktur des Radnetzes von Aranea diadema und Zilla x-notata mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Unterschiedes von Jugend- und Altersnetzen

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Cues that Spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae) Use to Build Orbs: Lapses in Attention to One Set of Cues because of Dissonance with Others?

Cues that Spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae) Use to Build Orbs: Lapses in Attention to One Set of Cues because of Dissonance with Others?

Vertical asymmetries in orb webs

Are smaller animals behaviourally limited? Lack of clear constraints in miniature spiders

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