Untersuchungen über Schimmelpilzinfektionen der Zehennägel

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Nach Seebacher leiden rund 13% der Gesamtbevölkerung an einer Onychomykose der Zehen. Als Erreger spielen neben Dermatophyten auch griseofulvinresistente Schimmelpilze eine nicht zu unterschätzende Rolle. Allerdings ist der Pathogenitätsnachweis bei Nichtdermatophyten nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen zu erbringen. Im Zeitraum zwischen Dezember 1967 und Januar 1969 konnten insgesamt 232 Onychomykosen der Zehen mykologisch gesichert werden. 191 (= 82,3%) durch Dermatophyten verursachten Zehennagelmykosen standen 41 (= 17,7%) Schimmelpilzinfektionen gegenüber. Diese wurden 10mal durch Aspergillus‐Arten (Aspergillus candidus, restrictus, sydowi, terreus, unguis, versicolor) hervorgerufen und 29mal durch Scopulariopsis‐Arten (Scopulariopsis acremonium, brevicaulis, fusca, koningii). Außerdem traten ais Erreger je einmal Chrysosporium pannorum und Microascus desmosporus in Erscheinung. Die isolierten Pilzstämme zeigten sich befähigt, Keratinsbustanz (Pferdehufspäne, Haare von Meerschweinchen, Maus, Hund und Mensch) in vitro als Nahrungsquelle zu nutzen. 28 Patienten mit Zehennagelbefall durch Nichtdermatophyten standen uns zu einer eingehenderen Untersuchung zur Verfügung. Anhand der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wird zu folgenden Problemen Stellung genommen: Abhängigkeit der Nagelinfektion von Lebensalter und prädisponierenden Faktoren, Klinik und Therapie schimmelpilzbedingter Nagelerkrankungen, Bedeutung immunbiologischer Nachweisreaktionen, Mischinfektionen mit Dermatophyten. Summary According to Seebacher onychomycosis of the toes is present in approximately 13% of the total population. In addition to dermatophytes griseofulvin‐resistant molds play an important part. However, demonstration of pathogenic properties in non‐dermatophytes is only conditionally possible. Between December 1967 and January 1969 a total of 232 onychomycoses of the toes was mycologically verified. There were 191 (82.3%) mycoses of the toe nails from dermatophytes and 41 (17.7%) mold infections. The latter were caused by Aspergillus species in 10 cases (Aspergillus candidus, restrictus, sydowi, terreus, unguis, versicolor) and by Scopulariopsis species in 29 (Scopulariopsis acremonium, brevicaulis, fusca, koningii). Other pathogens were Chrysosporium pannorum and Microascus desmosporus. The isolated fungus strains were capable of utilizing keratin in vitro as a source of energy (fragments of horses' hoofs, hair from guinea pigs, mice, dogs and man). A more detailed study was made of 28 patients with involvement of the toenails by non‐dermatophytes. On the basis of the findings the following problems are discussed: relationship between infection of the nails, age and predisposing factors, clinical and therapeutic aspects of diseases of the nails caused by molds, value of immunobiological reactions for demonstration, mixed infections with dermatophytes.

Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Psychrophilic Fungus Geomyces destructans from New York Bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS)

“…However, a number of Chrysosporium species and Geomyces species recovered from extreme low temperatures are known to be capable of degrading hair, skin, and nails [37] . Similarly, a few reports describe Geomyces species, especially G. pannorum , as causal agents of human and animal infections [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [38] . As yet, no human ailments have been reported from areas with WNS and bat mortality.…”

Onychomycosis Due to a Fungus of the Aspergillus versicolor Group

“…Raper & Fenell (8) doubt that A. versicolor may be the causal agent for disease, although another member of the versicolor group, A. sydowi was isolated in otomycosis (8) and onychomycosis (8). Other authors cited A. versicolor as causal of onychomycosis (14).…”

Geomyces destructans, phenotypic features of some Czech isolates.

“…Species of the genus Geomyces were rarely isolated as pathogens; G. pannorum was reported to occasionally cause onychomycosis (e.g. Schönborn & Schmoranzer 1970) and was rarely isolated from clinical material in the Czech Republic (Kubátová et al 2007). Geomyces destructans was recently described in the USA as the cause of a serious disease of hibernating bats with fatal progression (Gargas et al 2009).…”