Untrained young men have dysfunctional HDL compared with strength-trained men irrespective of body weight status

Abstract

We examined the impact of strength fitness and body weight on the redox properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and associations with indices of vascular and metabolic health. Ninety young men were categorized into three groups: 1) overweight untrained (OU; n = 30; BMI 30.7 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)); 2) overweight trained [OT; n = 30; BMI 29.0 ± 1.9; ≥4 d/wk resistance training (RT)]; and 3) lean trained (LT; n = 30; BMI 23.7 ± 1.4; ≥4 d/wk RT). Using a novel assay on the basis of the HDL-mediated rate of oxidation of dihydrorhodamine (DOR), we determined the functional (redox) properties of HDL and examined correlations between DOR and indices of vascular and metabolic health in the cohort. DOR was significantly lower in both trained groups compared with the untrained group (LT, 1.04 ± 0.49; OT, 1.39 ± 0.57; OU, 1.80 ± 0.74; LT vs. OU P < 0.00001; OT vs. OU P = 0.02), however, DOR in the OT group was not significantly different from that of the LT group. DOR was negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (R = -0.64), relative strength (R = -0.42), sex hormone-binding globulin (R = -0.42), and testosterone (R = -0.35) (all P ≤ 0.001); whereas DOR was positively associated with triglycerides (R = 0.39, P = 0.002), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (R = 0.32), body mass index (R = 0.43), total mass (R = 0.35), total fat mass (R = 0.42), waist circumference (R = 0.45), and trunk fat mass (R = 0.42) (all P ≤ 0.001). Chronic RT is associated with improved HDL redox activity. This may contribute to the beneficial effects of RT on reducing cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of body weight status.

A High Throughput Biochemical Fluorometric Method for Measuring Lipid Peroxidation in HDL

“…In the pilot human studies described in this manuscript we demonstrate the ability of the Amplex Red Assay to measure HDLox and associate cardiovascular and metabolic risk phenotypes with these measures of HDL function. For example we confirmed previous data that HDLox is associated with anthropometric parameters of obesity in humans and cardiovascular disease in HIV-1 infected subjects [3], [4], [12], [58]–[60]. Moreover, the Amplex Red assay can detect dysfunctional HDL in patients with HIV infection confirming our previous results [32].…”

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

“…We have used the fluorochrome HDL function assay to detect impaired HDL function in states of chronic oxidative stress such as atherosclerosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) 32 . Using biochemical assay of HDL function, several studies have confirmed the association of HDLox with obesity and cardiovascular disease 19,21,27,34,35,36,47 . Significantly, in human pilot studies we demonstrated associations of HDLox with validated cell-based assays, surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction and associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk phenotypes 32,36 .…”

“…Higher HDLox values are associated with reduced HDL antioxidant function. The readout of this assay is associated with validated cell-based assays, surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction and associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk phenotypes 19,21,27,32,34,35,36,37,38,39,47 . This method offers a convenient, yet robust tool for examining the role of HDL function in human disease.…”

“…We have shown that this fluorescence-based approach does not have the limitations of prior HDL function assays 27,28 . This assay has been further refined and standardized in our laboratory so that it can reliably be used in large scale human studies even with cryopreserved plasma 32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 . The readout of this assay is associated with readouts of validated cell-based assays, surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction and associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk phenotypes 32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39 .…”

Comparación de variables antropométricas, bioquímicas e histológicas de pacientes con obesidad mórbida e indicación de cirugía bariátrica vs pacientes con enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólica

“…Así, en el estudio Prevención de la Hipertensión (TOHP) fase 1, cuyo objetivo era comprobar la viabilidad y la eficacia de siete acciones no farmacológicas (restricción de sodio en la dieta, pérdida de peso, manejo del estrés, y cuatro suplementos nutricionales) en la reducción de la TAD en personas con ésta ligeramente elevada (80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89) la disminución de 3,9 kg de peso en los normales altos redujo 2,9 y 2,3 mm Hg la PAS y PAD, respectivamente, y 34% la incidencia de HA. El segundo estudio de prevención de la hipertensión (TOHP) fase II probó los efectos de la reducción de sodio y de la pérdida de peso en la hipertensión incidental (TAS > 140 ; TAD > 90) en sujetos que al principio del estudio poseían TAD (83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89) mmHg) y una TAS <140 mmHg (62). En el estudio INTERSALT, estudio internacional que estudió más de 10.000 hombres y mujeres, se encontró una fuerte asociación entre IMC y PA, la pérdida de 10 kg de peso se asocia a un descenso de la TAS de 3 mmHg y 2,2 mmHg en la TAD (63).…”