Unusual Abundance of Arginine and Ornithine in Porcine Allantoic Fluid1

Wu, Guoyao; Tuo, Wenbin; Flynn, Sean P.

doi:10.1093/biolreprod/54.6.1261

Cited by 76 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This positive result is consistent with the presence of unusually high concentrations of amino acids in the arginine family in porcine allantoic fluid at the stage of blastocyst expansion and implantation in vivo (Wu et al, 1996;Gao et al, 2012) and of an increase in endometrial angiogenesis between Days 13 and 18 of gestation (Keys et al, 1986). Furthermore, arginine stimulates the AKT1-mTOR/FRAP1-RPS6K-RPS6 cell signaling pathways to increase proliferation and migration of porcine (Kong et al, 2012) and ovine (Kim et al, 2011) trophectoderm cells during peri-implantation period.…”

Section: L-argininesupporting

confidence: 81%

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Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Yuan

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with detrimental effects on post-natal growth and survival due to an increase in the proportion of piglets with low birth-weight. Causes of within-litter variation in birth weight include breed characteristics that affect uterine space, ovulation rate, degree of maturation of oocytes, duration of time required for ovulation, interval between ovulation and fertilization, uterine capacity for implantation and placentation, size and efficiency of placental transport of nutrients, communication between conceptus/fetus and maternal systems, as well as nutritional status and environmental influences during gestation. Because these factors contribute to within-litter variation in birth weight, nutritional status of the sow to improve fetal-placental development must focus on the following three important stages in the reproductive cycle: pre-mating or weaning to estrus, early gestation and late gestation. The goal is to increase the homogeneity of development of oocytes and conceptuses, decrease variations in conceptus development during implantation and placentation, and improve birth weights of newborn piglets. Though some progress has been made in nutritional regulation of within-litter variation in the birth weight of piglets, additional studies, with a focus on and insights into molecular mechanisms of reproductive physiology from the aspects of maternal growth and offspring development, as well as their regulation by nutrients provided to the sow, are urgently needed.

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Section: L-argininesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Concentrations of glutamine are highest among amino acids in fetal tissues and maternal placenta (Self et al, 2004), and there are increased concentrations of glutamine in allantoic fluid in the second third of gestation (Wu et al, 1996), which highlights the importance of glutamine during that stage of rapid placental and fetal growth.…”

Section: Glutaminementioning

confidence: 98%

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Yuan

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…AFAAs are interconvertible via complex interorgan metabolism in most mammals, including pigs . Wu et al (1996b) have shown an unusual abundance of arginine and ornithine in porcine allantoic fluid from 35 to 40 days of pregnancy, that is, the period of rapid placental growth. Glutamine was the most abundant amino acid in the amniotic fluid during the early fetal stage of pregnancy (days 30 to 45) and was also abundant in the allantoic fluid.…”

Section: Sow Nutrition As An Opportunity To Improve Within-litter Unimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sow nutrition during gestation on within-litter birth weight variation: a review

Campos

Silva²,

Donzele

et al. 2012

Animal

121

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The increasing demand for efficiency in pork production requires great specialization of all sectors involved in this activity. In this context, the development of strategies that could reduce undesirable traits related with negative effects on piglet survival and postnatal growth and development are essential for the pig industry. Currently, special attention is given to variation in birth weight, as some evidences suggest an increased within-litter birth weight variation in modern sows. This variation has been shown to be associated with preweaning mortality, variable weights at weaning and deteriorated growth performance, which results in economic losses and lower efficiency. Therefore, understanding the factors that can influence the events that occur during gestation and that have an impact on the fetal growth and development are important to achieve better efficiency and also to develop strategies that can be used to achieve increased within-litter uniformity of piglet birth weight. This study concludes that even at a given placental size, fetal growth may vary because of differences in placental vascularization and efficiency. Feeding extra feed or energy during late gestation only marginally improves birth weight, and positive effects are not consistent between different studies. The detrimental effects of protein restriction on fetal growth during early gestation may be due to altered placental and endometrial angiogenesis and growth, which leads to a reduction in placental-fetal blood flow, nutrient supply from mother to the fetuses and ultimately to fetal growth retardation. The number of studies that attempted to influence within-litter birth weight variation by means of sow nutrition during gestation is limited. Therefore, more research concerning sow nutrition during gestation associated with the provision of balanced diets to meet requirements of the sows and fetuses are still required. This knowledge may subsequently provide starting points for the design of nutritional strategies that can influence within-litter birth variation.

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“…We discovered an abundance of Arg in porcine allantoic fluid during early gestation (Wu et al, 1995(Wu et al, , 1996. Arginine and ornithine account for 50 and 55% of the total alpha amino-acid nitrogen (the sum of nitrogen in α-amino acids) in porcine allantoic fluid on days 40 and 45 of gestation, respectively.…”

Section: Argininementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unusual abundance of arginine in porcine allantoic fluid during early pregnancy and its important physiological functions in survival and growth of the conceptus (see Wu et al, 1996) led to a study by Mateo et al (2007) to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of arginine on reproductive performance of pregnant gilts. Dietary supplementation with 0.83% arginine (as 1.0% arginine-HCl; 16.6g arginine/sow per day) between days 30 and 114 of gestation increased the number of live-born piglets by 2 per litter and litter birth-weight by 24% (Mateo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Argininementioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy recognition signals in mammals: the roles of interferons and estrogens

Bazer

Johnson

2017

Anim Reprod

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Reproduction is a highly complex biological process requiring a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling and regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph or the secretome required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation by the conceptus. Pregnancy recognition signaling as related to sustaining the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea (CL) which produce progesterone; the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for successful outcomes of pregnancy. It is within the periimplantation period that most embryonic deaths occur in mammals due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The challenge is to understand the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction and to use that knowledge to enhance fertility and reproductive health of animals including nonhuman primates. It is important to translate knowledge gained from studies of animals to address issues of fertility and reproductive health in humans.

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Unusual Abundance of Arginine and Ornithine in Porcine Allantoic Fluid1

Cited by 76 publications

References 17 publications

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Effects of sow nutrition during gestation on within-litter birth weight variation: a review

Pregnancy recognition signals in mammals: the roles of interferons and estrogens

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