1999
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.3.1135
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Unusual carotenoid composition and a new type of xanthophyll cycle in plants

Abstract: The capture of photons by the photosynthetic apparatus is the first step in photosynthesis in all autotrophic higher plants. This light capture is dominated by pigmentcontaining proteins known as light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The xanthophyll-carotenoid complement of these LHCs (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and lutein) is highly conserved, with no deletions and few, uncommon additions. We report that neoxanthin, considered an integral component of LHCs, is stoichiometrically replaced by lutein-5,6-epoxide in … Show more

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Cited by 164 publications
(149 citation statements)
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“…cell − 1 , Table 2) of zeaxanthin in Dunaliella cells illuminated with UV-A radiation is consistent with the cell response to an imposed oxidative stress. In contrast, the role of violaxanthin is reported to be related to light capture (31)(32)(33). This is consistent with the results that showed no significant increase in violaxanthin content (±0.02 pg .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…cell − 1 , Table 2) of zeaxanthin in Dunaliella cells illuminated with UV-A radiation is consistent with the cell response to an imposed oxidative stress. In contrast, the role of violaxanthin is reported to be related to light capture (31)(32)(33). This is consistent with the results that showed no significant increase in violaxanthin content (±0.02 pg .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…(c) A small addition to the lutein pool (DL from de-epoxidation of Lx) replaces A 1 Z to 'lock-in' enhanced capacity for fast relaxing NPQ in avocado shade leaves De-epoxidation in the Lx-cycle in avocado, Mediterranean oak (Quercus rubra), I. sapindoides and several other species is only very slowly reversible [23], in marked contrast to that in parasitic Cuscuta reflexa [43] and Amyema miquelii [44] or in a Macaronesian evergreen tree Ocotea foetens [45]. Indeed, the rapid restoration of [Lx] in O. foetens after short (3 min) artificial sun flecks is evidence for the role of Lx as a 'perfect switch' in this species, supporting high photosynthetic efficiency in the shade as discussed earlier, and its de-epoxidation providing enhanced NPQ in a sun fleck [45].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Antheraxanthin, as well as zeaxanthin, have photo-protective structures accepting excessive light energy from the antenna pigments of Photosystem II and safely dissipating it as heat (DemmigAdams and Adams, 1996). Recently, a second xanthophyll cycle, the lutein cycle, has been discovered (Bungard, 1999), which is believed, within some species, to work in parallel. Photo-protection is also closely related to active emittance of light quanta in leaves, known as chlorophyll fluorescence (Demmig-Adams and Adams, 1996).…”
Section: Light Use Efficiency Based Modeling Of Primary Productionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the energy dependent component is reasonably well understood, less is known about the processes driving the energy independent component (Demmig and Winter, 1988). Additionally, the role of the Lutein cycle (Bungard et al, 1999) in photosynthetic efficiency is largely unexplored. Comprehensive understanding of these biochemical mechanisms driving the photochemical reaction process across a wide range of species is a key requirement for upscaling leaf level estimates to stand and global levels.…”
Section: Leaf Levelmentioning
confidence: 99%