Unusual congenital pulmonary anomaly with presumed left lung hypoplasia in a young dog

Lee, C. M.; Kim, J. H.; Kang, Min-Hee; Eom, Kidong; Park, H. M.

doi:10.1111/jsap.12192

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In humans, developmental abnormality is assumed to be the cause of primary PH and in the failure of the bronchial development to divide equally between the two lung buds, eventually leading to disproportionate development of both lung lobes [6]. When PH occurs in isolated lung lobes rather than systemically, it is asymptomatic and does not require special treatment as reported in human and veterinary medicine [1, 6, 12]. In this case, it was found incidentally after resection of the left cranial lung lobe for the removal of the CLE and a ruptured bulla.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concurrent occurrence of PH and CLE in a single lobe of the lung may explain how two different congenital pulmonary anomalies triggered a potentially fatal tension pneumothorax in this dog. Hypoplastic lung lobes have been reported to cause compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral lung lobes, indicated by increased airflow [1, 12]. In this case, PH of the CrLtCr could lead to compensatory hypertrophy of the CauLtCr, and the increased airflow would increase the accumulation of air at the level of alveoli, causing rapid progression of CLE and multiple blebs and bullae of various sizes to form, eventually leading to the accumulation of air between the visceral pleura and the lung parenchyma [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) are rarely reported congenital pulmonary anomalies in animals [1–5]. PH is a type of pulmonary agenesis that refers to the incomplete development of the pulmonary tissue [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concurrent pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital lobar emphysema in a young dog with tension pneumothorax: a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly

Han¹,

Kim²

2019

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) are very rare congenital pulmonary anomalies in veterinary medicine. PH refers to the incomplete pulmonary development due to embryologic imbalance of bronchial development between the lung buds, while CLE is defined as alveolar hyperinflation due to bronchial collapse during expiration caused by bronchial cartilage dysplasia, external bronchial compression, and idiopathic etiology. CLE may develop into pulmonary blebs or bullae that may rupture and induce a spontaneous pneumothorax. There are no reports on concurrent PH and CLE in animals. Case presentation A 7-month-old castrated male Italian Greyhound weighing 5.5 kg presented with vomiting and acute onset of severe dyspnea without any previous history of disease. After emergency treatment including oxygen supplementation and thoracocentesis, plain radiology and computed tomography scanning were performed and lobar emphysema with multiple bullae in the left cranial lung lobe associated with tension pneumothorax was identified. Since the pneumothorax was not resolved despite continuous suction of intrathoracic air for 3 days, a complete lobectomy of the left cranial lung lobe was performed. The excised lobe was not grossly divided into cranial and caudal parts, but a tissue mass less than 1 cm in size was present at the hilum and cranial to the excised lobe. Postoperatively, the dog recovered rapidly without air retention in the thoracic cavity. Histopathologically, the mass was identified as a hypoplastic lung tissue with collapsed alveoli, bronchial dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertrophy. Additionally, the excised lung lobe presented CLE with marked ectasia of alveoli, various blebs and bullae, and general bronchial cartilage dysplasia. According to gross and histopathologic findings, the dog was diagnosed with concurrent PH and CLE in the left cranial lung lobe. During 16 months of follow-up, the dog was well and without any respiratory problems. Conclusions This case report confirmed the clinical and histologic features of two different types of rare congenital pulmonary anomalies, PH and CLE, which occurred concurrently in a single lung lobe of a young dog. The condition was successfully managed with lobectomy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concurrent pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital lobar emphysema in a young dog with tension pneumothorax: a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly

Han¹,

Kim²

2019

Acta Vet Scand

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“…The literature available regarding pulmonary agenesis in dogs remains limited to only two case reports; one describing the imaging findings of a seven-month-old miniature schnauzer with a presumptive diagnosis of left lung hypoplasia resembling horseshoe lung syndrome in human beings, 1 and another describing the imaging and histopathological changes of a seven-monthold Italian greyhound with a confirmed diagnosis of concurrent pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital lobar emphysema. 2 To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe the thoracic imaging findings of a dog with a presumptive diagnosis of complete right lung agenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right lung agenesis in a one‐year‐old Chihuahua

Martínez¹,

Rowan

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A one-year-old neutered male Chihuahua was referred for further investigations of spontaneous pneumothorax. Before referral, thoracocentesis and chest drain placement was performed. On presentation, the dog was dull and dyspnoeic displaying a restrictive respiratory pattern. Thoracic radiography and CT findings performed at the referral centre were consistent with right lung agenesis and pneumothorax. Retrospective review of the radiographs obtained at the referring practice identified right-sided mediastinal shift, separation of the cardiac silhouette from the sternum and overinflated left lung lobes. Neither free intrathoracic gas nor subcutaneous emphysema was identified. The initial images were suboptimally displayed resulting in artefactual ‘blackening’ of the lung parenchyma, necessitating digital manipulation to identify lung markings. The combination of mediastinal shift and separation of the cardiac silhouette from the sternum as a result of the right lung agenesis could potentially lead to a false impression of pneumothorax.

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“…In this case, patient had survived well until adulthood and presented acute onset dyspnea. It could be associated that contralateral lung may develop as much as twice more alveoli in response to compensatory hypertrophy [11,12,16]. The onset of symptoms in pulmonary aplasia is variable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic imaging of congenital pulmonary aplasia in a dog

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Lee³

2017

Korean J Vet Res

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A 2-year-old, female Pomeranian dog was referred for dyspnea. Thoracic radiographs revealed left-sided mediastinal shift, increased soft tissue opacity in the caudal aspect of left thorax with loss of the left diaphragmatic silhouette, and dorsal elevation of mediastinal structures and heart from the sternum by lung tissue. The left main bronchus was visualized as an air-bronchogram and observed to abruptly discontinue at the level of the 10th rib. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed absence of the left lung parenchyma and left pulmonary vessels with a rudimentary left main bronchus. The case was congenital pulmonary aplasia diagnosed via radiography and CT.

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Unusual congenital pulmonary anomaly with presumed left lung hypoplasia in a young dog

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Concurrent pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital lobar emphysema in a young dog with tension pneumothorax: a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly

Concurrent pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital lobar emphysema in a young dog with tension pneumothorax: a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly

Right lung agenesis in a one‐year‐old Chihuahua

Diagnostic imaging of congenital pulmonary aplasia in a dog

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