Unusual cutaneous reactions following diphtheria and tetanus immunization

Pembroke, A.C.; Marten, R H

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1979.tb02649.x

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The local symptoms and signs are similar to those observed in 645 children in the trials of vaccines produced by Statens Seruminstitut [2] and in earlier published case descriptions [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. The parents' reports on the symptoms and sufferings of their children were confirmed in the medical records.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The parents' reports on the symptoms and sufferings of their children were confirmed in the medical records. Local hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis, considered to be post-inflammatory reactions, have also been described by other authors [7,8,15,16,18]. The aggravated itching and swelling of the nodules, which was also seen in 39% of the children with pruritic nodules in the vaccine trials [2], is an interesting but unexplained observation, similar to the impaired symptoms that have been observed by other authors premenstrually subjects [18] and during patch testing [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The pruritic nodules, which lasted for many years and caused considerable discomfort, were, in 77% of the cases, associated with hypersensitivity to Al, as demonstrated by an epicutaneous test. Previously, not more than about 100 cases of persistent pruritic nodules at the injection site of Al-adsorbed vaccines had been reported in the literature since 1960, most commonly after diphtheria-tetanus (DT), pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nineteen cases of persistent pruritic nodules and contact allergy to aluminium after injection of commonly used aluminium-adsorbed vaccines

2005

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Rare cases of persistent pruritic nodules, sometimes associated with aluminium (Al) allergy, have been reported after the use of several Al adsorbed vaccines. During vaccine trials in the 1990s a high incidence of pruritic nodules (645 cases/76,000 recipients), in 77% associated with Al allergy, was observed after the administration of diphtheria-tetanus / acellular pertussis (DT/aP) vaccines from a single producer. In the present report 19 children with pruritic nodules after vaccination with Al hydroxide-adsorbed DTaP/polio+Hib (Infanrix, Pentavac) are described. The children had intensely itching nodules at the injection site, often aggravated during upper respiratory tract infections, and local skin alterations. So far, the symptoms have persisted for up to 7 years. The median time between vaccination and onset of symptoms was 1 month. 16 children were epicutaneously tested for Al, all with positive reactions indicating delayed hypersensitivity to Al. The condition is not commonly known but is important to recognise, as the child and the family may suffer considerably. Future vaccinations with Al-adsorbed vaccines may cause aggravation of the symptoms and the Al allergy. Al-containing skin products, such as antiperspirants, may cause contact dermatitis. Nodules may be mistaken for tumours. Even though the incidence of itching nodules and Al allergy after administration of Infanrix, Pentavac and other Al-adsorbed vaccines is probably low, research to replace Al adjuvants seems appropriate. We conclude that intensely itching subcutaneous nodules, lasting for many years, and hypersensitivity to aluminium may occur after DTaP/polio+Hib vaccination of infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nineteen cases of persistent pruritic nodules and contact allergy to aluminium after injection of commonly used aluminium-adsorbed vaccines

2005

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“…Chronic infl ammatory processes such as erythema nodosum [41] , chronic osteomyelitis [42] and chronic itching dermatitis [43] can also cause hair to grow faster. Localized hypertrichosis has also been seen in vaccination sites [44] , near the periphery of burns and wounds [45] , at sites of wart excision [46] , at excoriated insect bites [47] and with pinching habits in the mentally retarded [48] . Head massage favored hair growth in alopecia areata, as reported by Putt et al [49] .…”

Section: Hair Growth Changes Attributed To Exogenous Agents: Hypertrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Factors in Hair Disorders

Horev¹

2004

Exog Dermatol

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The health and beauty of human hair have immeasurable psychological importance. Hair structure and its cycle are influenced by intentionally or nonintentionally delivered factors such as grooming, heat styling, chemical agents and climatic exposure. All of these factors are capable of causing loss of hair color and luster, harshness, stiffness, weakness, brittleness and flyaway, transient loss of hair or scarring alopecia. In this review we describe the effects of various exogenous agents on hair, including hair cosmetics, traction, heat, water, solar radiation and X-irradiation.

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“…Cutaneous adverse effects such as transient tenderness, pain, swelling and locoregional adenopathy have been reported as local reactions independently of serum DTP immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels and aluminum hydroxide concentrations 1 . Urticaria, 3 erythema multiforme, 4 granuloma formation 5 are rarely reported. These reactions are substantially more common following the administration of DTP than of DT, but they are self‐limited and can be safely managed with symptomatic treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%