A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives was developed. The approach utilizes a high pressure Q-Tube reactor to promote cyclocondensation reactions between 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals and 4-thiazolidinones. The process has a significantly high atom economy and a broad substrate scope, as well as being applicable to gram scale syntheses. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the synthesized thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives were examined utilizing a MTT colorimetric assay with doxorubicin as a reference anti-cancer drug and three human cancer cell lines including HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast) and A549 (lung). The results show that thiazolopyridazines 7c, h, k and p have high cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line with respective ic 50 values of 14.34, 10.39, 15.43 and 13.60 μM. Moreover, the thiazolopyridazine derivative 7s also show promising cytotoxic activity against the HCT-116 cell line with IC 50 = 6.90 μM . Observations made in this effort serve as a basis for further investigations into the design and preparation of new anti-cancer drugs.Thiazolopyridazine derivatives comprise a broad range of structurally interesting substances that display a variety of medicinally interesting properties including activities against cancers 1,2 , microbes 3,4 , viruses 5 and bacteria 6 , as well as antioxidant 7 , analgesic and pesticidal activities 8,9 . As a result of these important properties, thiazolopyridazines remain the focus of our continuing investigations aimed at developing new and green routes for the synthesis of novel fused nitrogen containing heterocycles [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Until now, several methods have been developed for the synthesis of fused thiazolopyridazines, most of which are targeted at the synthesis of thiazolo[4,5-d] pyridazines 1-3,5 , thiazolo[3,2-b]pyridazine 19 and thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridazine 6 . In contrast, current methods to prepare thiazolo [4,5-c]pyridazines are much less well-developed 20 , and they suffer from some major deficiencies. Specifically, the only method devised for this purpose involves reaction of pyridazine-3-carboxamide derivatives with Lawesson's reagent under reflux for 48 h, which forms mono-substituted thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazines in only moderate yields (Scheme 1a) 20 .In the current study, we developed a novel and efficient green method for the synthesis members of a series o thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives. The new protocol, which involves cyclocondensation reactions between 4-thiazolidinones and 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals utilizing a high pressure Q-Tube reactor, is simple and environmentally benign (Scheme 1b). In contrast to those utilizing microwave irradiation and conventional heating, processes carried out using the Q-Tube reactor employ a high pressures to promote organic reactions. Use of the Q-tube technique has many advantageous features 21-28 including higher yields, clean products, lower energy costs, lower reaction times and higher reproducibility than those as...