Unusual Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patient with liver cirrhosis: a case report and review of literature

Listeria peritonitis in a patient on hemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease secondary to lupus nephritis—a case report

“…4 Both these patients with a fatal outcome received initial antimicrobial treatment with vancomycin, highlighting the importance of early detection of L. monocytogenes in immunocompromised patients with peritonitis, in order to assure proper antibiotic coverage, which is comprised of ampicillin alone or ampicillin in combination with gentamicin. [5][6][7] Similarly to other cases of Listeria peritonitis, our patient demonstrated resolution of Listeria infection after receiving ampicillin and gentamicin. This is the first case of Listeria peritonitis to be described in a patient status post peritoneal dialysis catheter removal thus not actively receiving peritoneal dialysis at the time of infection.…”

“…However, only 21 cases of dialysis‐associated Listeria peritonitis have been reported to date including our patient, and of these patients, only 2 had a fatal outcome from their infections 4 . Both these patients with a fatal outcome received initial antimicrobial treatment with vancomycin, highlighting the importance of early detection of L. monocytogenes in immunocompromised patients with peritonitis, in order to assure proper antibiotic coverage, which is comprised of ampicillin alone or ampicillin in combination with gentamicin 5–7 . Similarly to other cases of Listeria peritonitis, our patient demonstrated resolution of Listeria infection after receiving ampicillin and gentamicin.…”

“…For this reason, clinicians should be aware of and monitor for signs and symptoms for rare bacterial peritonitis even months after peritoneal dialysis catheters are removed as recent history of peritoneal dialysis appears to be a risk factor even in the setting of a patient who has transitioned to hemodialysis. In these patients, those who have symptoms of peritonitis such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal tenderness should undergo diagnostic paracentesis with leukocyte count and culture of peritoneal fluid 7 . Blood cultures should also be obtained to rule out bacteremia and systemic spread.…”

“…In these patients, those who have symptoms of peritonitis such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal tenderness should undergo diagnostic paracentesis with leukocyte count and culture of peritoneal fluid. 7 Blood cultures should also be obtained to rule out bacteremia and systemic spread. Our patient's hospital course was also further complicated by recurrent ascites requiring multiple therapeutic paracenteses.…”

Listeria monocytogenes Peritonitis in a Patient Receiving Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is rare. To date, only 19 cases have been reported ( Table 1 ) [ 3 – 20 ]. A high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis, especially in patients who are immunocompromised or have other risk factors [ 2 ].…”