It is shown that electron tunneling through a potential barrier that separates two quantum dots (QDs) of germanium leads to the splitting of electron states localized over spherical interfaces (QD–silicon matrix). The dependence of the splitting values of the electron levels on the parameters of the nanosystem (the radius a of germanium QDs, as well as the distance D between the surfaces of the QDs) is obtained. It is shown that, the splitting of electron levels in the QD chain of germanium causes the appearance of a zone of localized electron states, which is located in the bandgap of silicon matrix. It is found that the motion of a charge‐transport exciton along a chain of QDs of germanium causes an increase in photoconductivity in the nanosystem.