Unusual Presentation of Guillain-Barré Syndrome following Traumatic Bone Injuries: Report of Two Cases

Abstract

Objective: To report two cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) which occurred following traumatic bone injuries. Presentation and Intervention: Two patients presented with traumatic bone injuries. The first was a 47-year-old female who was admitted with fracture of both tibial bones sustained during a road traffic accident. One week after surgical fixation of the fracture, she developed areflexic weakness of all four limbs and respiratory muscle weakness. The nerve conduction study was consistent with GBS. She was administered intravenous immunoglobulins which was repeated after 2 weeks. She recovered gradually. The second patient was a 31-year-old male who was admitted with 4-days history of severe back pain which occurred when he lifted a heavy weight. He then developed ascending areflexic weakness of all four limbs and bifacial weakness. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine revealed fracture of L1 and L2 vertebrae. Nerve conduction studies confirmed the diagnosis of GBS. He was given mechanical ventilatory support and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and later plasmapheresis. However, his condition gradually deteriorated as he developed aspiration pneumonia and sepsis with multi-organ failure and finally expired. Conclusion: These cases highlight the importance of considering GBS as a differential diagnosis when patients with traumatic bone injuries develop acute neuromuscular weakness. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent morbidity and mortality.

Posttraumatic Guillain-Barré Syndrome Immediately Following a Traffic Accident

“…In contrast to well-established infectious etiology, the concept of posttraumatic GBS preceded by no risk factors other than trauma has been recently introduced. There have already been several reports of posttraumatic GBS, following physical damage from traffic accidents, falling, or surgery 1 , 7 , 11 – 14 , 17 , 18) . However, in all previous cases, the time from trauma to symptom onset was more than several days.…”