2014
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8434-y
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Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: What Should we Keep in Mind?

Abstract: This review includes a variety of extremely rare and unusual hymenoptera sting (HS) circumstances with regard to sting localization, geographic region, massivity of multiple stings, and particularly related to clinical symptoms. Such reactions occur in a temporal relationship to HS (s), differ from typical allergic symptomatology, and sometimes need follow-up during many months. With respect to pathogenesis, the major mechanisms involved are toxic, autoimmune, and other delayed immunological ones. While delaye… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…Acute kidney injury can be observed in patients suffering from bee stings and this is due to multiple factors, such as intravascular hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, and direct toxicity of the venom components to the renal tubules 1,2 . Arterial hypotension plays an important role in this type of AKI, leading to ischemic renal lesion 10 .…”
Section: Physiopathology Of Kidney Injurymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Acute kidney injury can be observed in patients suffering from bee stings and this is due to multiple factors, such as intravascular hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, and direct toxicity of the venom components to the renal tubules 1,2 . Arterial hypotension plays an important role in this type of AKI, leading to ischemic renal lesion 10 .…”
Section: Physiopathology Of Kidney Injurymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bee venom, which has as its main components hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, melitin and apamin, contributes to renal damage due to synergistic toxic and hypotensive effects 1,11 . Moreover, these substances can induce the release of several other mediators, such as histamine, serotonin, bradykinin and prostaglandin.…”
Section: Physiopathology Of Kidney Injurymentioning
confidence: 99%
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