Unusual Stress Upturn in Elastomers Prepared Using Macro Cross‐Linkers with Multiple Vinyl Side Groups

Abstract

In this study, the unique tensile properties of acrylate elastomers prepared using macro cross-linker polymers with multiple vinyl side groups are analyzed. For the preparation of the macro cross-linker, poly(ethyl acrylate) copolymers bearing hydroxy functional groups are synthesized, followed by the hydroxy-isocyanate reaction with 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate. Subsequently, the elastomers samples are prepared by UV polymerization of ethyl acrylate in the presence of the macro cross-linkers. The tensile properties of the elastomers in the small elongation region are similar to those of typical elastomers prepared using divinyl cross-linkers, whereas the stress upturn in the large elongation region is considerably different. The stress upturn varies based on the fraction of vinyl side groups in the macro cross-linkers, whereas stress in the small elongation region remains unchanged. These properties are analyzed using various theoretical models. The results reveal that there is artificial inhomogeneity in the cross-link density for samples prepared by the macro cross-linkers, where the short poly(ethyl acrylate) strands inside the macro cross-linker limit the overall chain stretchability. On the whole, this study demonstrates a new method for tuning elastomer properties, especially at large deformation.

Clarifying the Role of Epoxy Molecules and Base Catalysts for Vitrimer Transformation from Linear Polyesters

“…The constant rubbery plateau with a modulus of 0.4 MPa was observed within the measured temperature range, indicating stable network formation. The modulus of elastomers with entangled network strands can be estimated according to , G = ρ R T ( 1 true M e + 1 M c ) ϕ gel where ρ is the density of the polymers (∼1.2 g/cm 3 ), R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. M e and M c represent the entanglement molecular weight of the strand polymers and molecular weight between the chemical cross-links, respectively.…”