Unusual Symptomatology in Eagle Syndrome

Pace, Annalisa; Rossetti, Valeria; Iannella, Giannicola; Magliulo, Giuseppe

doi:10.1177/1179547620948728

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…El síndrome de Eagle (SE) es una patología poco frecuente causada por el alargamiento del proceso estiloides (SP) 1,2,3 . Esta anomalía fue descrita por Watt Weems Eagle y puede causar diversos síntomas clínicos por la presión que ejerce sobre las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes 4,5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Eagle syndrome: a review of the literature

Ramos

Canales-Sermeño

Chacaltana-Limaco

2020

whj

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Introduction: Eagle syndrome (ES) is a very unusual pathology caused by the elongation of the styloid process (SP), it can cause various clinical symptoms, the size ranges between approximately 25 to 30 mm, when it exceeds these parameters it is classified as attached as elongated process. Objective: To describe the general aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Eagle Syndrome. Development: Eagle Syndrome is a complex pathology that requires extensive knowledge of its signs and symptoms to establish a correct diagnosis and subsequently an adequate treatment. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced CT examination can easily diagnose this disease, it is important to consider a differential diagnosis. Surgery is the best alternative when conservative management fails, it reduces morbidity. Recognizing diagnostic tools, applicable images, and alternatives is crucial for successful treatment.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

“…El alargamiento de la apófisis estiloides es de baja incidencia entre el 4 % y el 7 %, y entre ellos solo el 4 % de los pacientes son sintomáticos 2 . Se dice que los síntomas son causados por la presión de la apófisis sobre los nervios y vasos cercanos, en otras palabras, el nervio facial y las arterias carótidas 4,11 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Eagle syndrome: a review of the literature

Ramos

Canales-Sermeño

Chacaltana-Limaco

2020

whj

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Peculiar Features and Surgical Approach in Syndromes With Maxillofacial Implications: A Case Series and Updated Review

Grillo¹,

Madruga²,

Júnior³

et al. 2023

JBSMFS

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Objectives: This paper aims to discuss some important aspects of surgical planning and treatment of some syndromes with maxillofacial implications. Methods: A case series of five different syndromes with maxillofacial implications was reported. We searched MEDLINE for a surgical approach to these maxillofacial syndromes. PROCESS guidelines have been adopted for the current case series. A Pearson correlation test was performed and considered significant only with a 95% confidence interval. Discussion: The number of publications on the subject of maxillofacial surgery is not related to the incidence of the reported syndromes. Surgical planning and treatment have been discussed in cases of Eagle´s syndrome, Jacob´s disease, Crouzon syndrome, Cleidocranial dysplasia, and Goldenhar syndrome. A brief report of the features of the syndrome and surgical procedures involved were evaluated. Conclusions: Styloidectomy and coronoidectomy are considered the best treatments for Eagle´s syndrome and Jacob´s disease, respectively. For some syndromes, tailored surgical treatment is essential. Some data must be considered in surgical planning and treatment. Depending on one characteristic or another, the surgical procedure can be chosen.

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Neurological phenotypes and treatment outcomes in Eagle syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis

Hassani,

Grønlund,

Albrechtsen

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Eagle syndrome is caused by an elongated styloid process affecting carotid arteries and cranial nerves. Pain, dysphagia, tinnitus, paresthesia (classic subtype), and neurovascular events (vascular subtype) may be triggered by head movements or arise spontaneously. However, Eagle syndrome remains underappreciated in the neurological community. We aimed to determine the most common neurological and non-neurological clinical presentations in patients with Eagle syndrome and to assess the clinical outcome post-surgical resection in comparison to non-surgical therapies. Methodology We conducted a systematic review of patient-level data on adults with Eagle syndrome, following PRISMA guidelines. We extracted data on demographics, presenting symptoms, neurological deficits, radiological findings, and treatments, including outcomes and complications, from studies in multiple indexing databases published between 2000 and 2023. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO. Results In total, 285 studies met inclusion criteria, including 497 patients with Eagle syndrome (mean age 47.3 years; 49.8% female). Classical Eagle (370 patients, 74.5%) was more frequent than vascular Eagle syndrome (117 patients, 23.5%, p < 0.0001). Six patients (1.2%) presented with both variants and the subvariant for four patients (0.8%) was unknown. There was a male preponderance (70.1% male) in the vascular subtype. A history of tonsillectomy was more frequent in classic (48/153 cases) than in vascular (2/33 cases) Eagle syndrome (Odds Ratio 5.2, 95% CI [1.2–22.4]; p = 0.028). By contrast, cervical movements as trigger factors were more prevalent in vascular (12/33 cases) than in classic (7/153 cases) Eagle syndrome (Odds Ratio 7.95, 95% CI [2.9–21.7]; p = 0.0001). Headache and Horner syndrome were more frequent in vascular Eagle syndrome and dysphagia and neck pain more prominent in classic Eagle syndrome (all p < 0.01). Surgically treated patients achieved overall better outcomes than medically treated ones: Eighty-one (65.9%) of 123 medically treated patients experienced improvement or complete resolution, while the same applied to 313 (97.8%) of 320 surgical patients (Odds Ratio 1.49, 95% CI [1.1–2.0]; p = 0.016). Conclusions Eagle syndrome is underdiagnosed with potentially serious neurovascular complications, including ischemic stroke. Surgical treatment achieves better outcomes than conservative management. Although traditionally the domain of otorhinolaryngologist, neurologist should include this syndrome in differential diagnostic considerations because of the varied neurological presentations that are amenable to effective treatment.

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Unusual Symptomatology in Eagle Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Eagle syndrome: a review of the literature

Eagle syndrome: a review of the literature

Peculiar Features and Surgical Approach in Syndromes With Maxillofacial Implications: A Case Series and Updated Review

Neurological phenotypes and treatment outcomes in Eagle syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis

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