Unusual termination of the cephalic vein

Saaid, Arjmand; Drysdale, Ian

doi:10.1002/ca.20661

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Nevertheless, its termination has been found in the EJV (Au, 1989;Ishizuka, 1964); directly or indirectly into the basilic vein (Bergman et al, 2008;Saaid & Drysdale, 2008); and into the SCV (Ishizuka). In one case it has been found to drain into the IJV just above the confluence of the latter with the SCV (Saaid & Drysdale).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

et al. 2009

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SUMMARY:During anatomical dissection of a female Caucasian cadaver in our department, we observed an unusual termination of seven veins at the jugulo-subclavian junction. Normally, the jugulo-subclavian junction is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein, and gives rise to the brachionocephalic vein. In our case, except from these two, five additional veins, namely the cephalic vein, the transverse cervical vein, the external jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and the vertebral vein, were also joined at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. Such a variation has not yet been reported in the literature. INTRODUCTIONThe jugulo-subclavian junction is formed at the base of the neck bilaterally, posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle, by the union of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and the subclavian vein (SCV) (Calen et al., 1986). From this confluence the brachionocephalic vein (BCV) is formed. Then, the left and right BCV are joined in order to form the superior vena cava. In the present study we report a case in which at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, seven veins instead of two are joined in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODThe reported anatomical variations were discovered in the right side of a female Caucasian cadaver (deceased at the age of 89 from respiratory insufficiency), during routine educational dissection at the Anatomy Department of the Medical School of the University of Athens, Greece. RESULTSOn the right upper arm and posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle we discovered that seven veins were united in order to form the right BCV vein (Fig. 1). Dissecting the area from the acromial end of the clavicle to the base of the neck (supraclavical triangle), we noticed that four veins joined the SCV in the following order (clockwise, seen from the front): the cephalic vein (CV), the transverse cervical vein (TCV), the external jugular vein (EJV) and the anterior jugular vein (AJV) (Fig. 2). The next vein to join the junction was the internal jugular vein (IJV), following its expected course. The last vein to reach the common junction was the vertebral vein (VV) (also clockwise). It should be pointed out, that the CV, after piercing the clavipectoral fascia, did not join the axillary vein as usual, but instead, crossed over the clavicle and ended at the common junction. Also, the AJV was rather thick and was larger than the EJV and the IJV. Accordingly, the right BCV vein was formed after the junction from all these veins. Its length was 5.8 cm and after its formation, continued its course as expected. The course of the other seven veins was also normal (except CV) until the point of the junction.Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. 1259 has even the double diameter (Standring et al., 2008). The EJV has been found to flow in the jugulo-subclavian junction in the anatomical study of Deslaugiers et al. (1994) on 50 cadavers in 60%, ei...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

et al. 2009

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“…Unusual drainage of CV into basilic vein, internal jugular vein, subclavian vein and external jugular vein has been reported [5][6][7][8]. Due to constant position and sufficiently large size, CV is frequently used for intravenous drug administration [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Infra-Clavicular Venous Circle – A Case Report

Nayak

Sirasanagandla

2014

JCDR

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“…A supraclavicular course of the CV is found sporadically during CIED procedures and has been reported in 0.2% of relevant autopsy examinations. Another, slightly more common, CV variation has the main vessel in its typical infraclavicular position but features an accessory supraclavicular branch corresponding to a persistent jugulocephalic vein (JCV) [1,4,8,9,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%