Unusual units in the goldfish optic nerve

Daw, Nigel W.; Beauchamp, Ross

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(72)90075-2

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In these experiments the 665 or 680 nm maxima were revealed in the presence of short-wavelength adapting fields. However, in goldfish retina, Daw and Beauchamp (1972) recorded from two ganglion cells whose spectral sensitivity peaked at 670 nm irrespective of the color of the adapting field. On the other hand, three distinctly different experimental methods, all of which examine directly the spectral properties of the photoreceptors, have failed to detect this long-wavelength receptor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Spectra and Adaptation Properties of Carp Photoreceptors

Witkovsky

Nelson

Ripps

1973

The Journal of General Physiology

117

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The mass photoreceptor response of the isolated carp retina was studied after immersing the tissue in aspartate-Ringer solution. Two electroretinogram components were isolated by differential depth recording: a fast cornea-negative wave, arising in the receptor layer, and a slow, cornea-negative wave arising at some level proximal to the photoreceptors. Only the fast component was investigated further. In complete dark adaptation, its action spectrum peaked near 540 nm and indicated input from both porphyropsin-containing rods (Xmax 525 nm) and cones with longer wavelength sensitivity. Under photopic conditions a broad action spectrum, Xma x 580 nm was seen. In the presence of chromatic backgrounds, the photopic curve could be fractionated into three components whose action spectra agreed reasonably well with the spectral characteristics of blue, green, and red cone pigments of the goldfish. In parallel studies, the carp rod pigment was studied in situ by transmission densitometry. The reduction in optical density after a full bleach averaged 0.28 at its Xm, 525 nm. In the isolated retina no regeneration of rod pigment occurred within 2 h after bleaching. The bleaching power of background fields used in adaptation experiments was determined directly. Both rods and cones generated increment threshold functions with slopes of +1 on log-log coordinates over a 3-4 log range of background intensities. Background fields which bleached less than 0.5% rod pigment nevertheless diminished photoreceptor sensitivity. The degree and rate of recovery of receptor sensitivity after exposure to a background field was a function of the total flux (I X t) of the field. Rod saturation, i.e. the abolition of rod voltages, occurred after _12 % of rod pigment was bleached. In light-adapted retinas bathed in normal Ringer solution, a small test flash elicited a larger response in the presence of an annular background field than when it fell upon a dark retina. The enhancement was not observed in aspartate-treated retinas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Spectra and Adaptation Properties of Carp Photoreceptors

Witkovsky

Nelson

Ripps

1973

The Journal of General Physiology

117

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“…Directionally selective (DS) visual neurons prefer object motion in a particular direction and are thought to have an essential role for computation of visual motion information (Marr, 1982;Frost & Nakayama, 1983;Frost & Sun, 1997) . While many animals are known to possess a rich population of DS retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) (Maturana & Frenk, 1963;Barlow et al, 1964;Michael, 1968;Lipetz & Hill, 1970;Daw & Beauchamp, 1972;Stone & Fukuda, 1974;Uchiyama & Barlow, 1994), it is still unclear how their directional preference is induced from neuronal activities of distal retinal neurons that show no directional preference. Barlow and Levick (1965) proposed that local directional inhibition gives rise to directional selectivity in the retina, and computational models have been constructed based on this hypothesis (Koch et al, 1986;Hildreth & Koch, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation of motion direction by quail retinal ganglion cells that have a nonconcentric receptive field

2000

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One type of retinal ganglion cells prefers object motion in a particular direction. Neuronal mechanisms for the computation of motion direction are still unknown. We quantitatively mapped excitatory and inhibitory regions of receptive fields for directionally selective retinal ganglion cells in the Japanese quail, and found that the inhibitory regions are displaced about 1-3 deg. toward the side where the null sweep starts, relative to the excitatory regions. Directional selectivity thus results from delayed transient suppression exerted by the nonconcentrically-arranged inhibitory regions, and not by local directional inhibition as hypothesized by Barlow and Levick (1965).

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“…However, there has been only one report of an interaction be tween directional selectivity and color me chanisms [Daw and Beauchamp, 1972]. In 3 out of 113 units investigated in the gold fish optic nerve, these authors found a ra ther complex receptive-field organization instead of the usual color-coded centersurround arrangement.…”

Section: Comparison Of Retinal Ganglion Cell Properties With Respect mentioning

confidence: 95%

Velocity Sensitivity and Directional Selectivity of Frog Retinal Ganglion Cells Depend on Chromaticity of Moving Stimuli

Grüsser‐Cornehls¹,

Langeveld²

1985

Brain Behav Evol

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Action potentials of single afferent optic-nerve fibers were recorded in the superficial layers of the optic tectum of frogs. Horizontally moving chromatic stimuli were applied. A large range of stimulus velocities and 2 or 3 different wavelengths (450, 500 or 580 nm) of the moving monochromatic light spots were applied. The velocity functions of class 3 neurons varied only slightly with different chromatic stimuli. About half of the neurons of our sample exhibited directional selectivity to one or two of the wavelengths investigated. In some of these neurons the directional selectivity was found over the entire velocity range studied (0.046–18.4 degrees • s^–1), while in others it was also dependent upon the angular velocity of the moving chromatic spot. Thus, a new principle of chromatic-signal processing exists in frogs which has so far not been described in other animals: an interrelation between :directional selectivity, chromatic composition of the stimulus and angular velocity. We concluded from these findings that the analytic properties of tectal cells, with respect to their possible function in pattern recognition, might receive insufficient description when the stimuli are restricted to the achromatic grey scale. On the other hand, we would like to stress that the peculiar properties of the retinal color channels in frogs, directional selectivity and different time constants of the recovery functions, contribute to the processing of black/white stimuli according to their shape, size and velocity, since the response to the leading edge and the trailing edge traversing the receptive field depends on these factors.

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Unusual units in the goldfish optic nerve

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Action Spectra and Adaptation Properties of Carp Photoreceptors

Action Spectra and Adaptation Properties of Carp Photoreceptors

Computation of motion direction by quail retinal ganglion cells that have a nonconcentric receptive field

Velocity Sensitivity and Directional Selectivity of Frog Retinal Ganglion Cells Depend on Chromaticity of Moving Stimuli

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