Unusually rapid intensification of Typhoon Man-yi in 2013 under preexisting warm-water conditions near the Kuroshio front south of Japan

Wada, Akiyoshi

doi:10.1007/s10872-015-0273-9

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…

W ((), u) = 3.8 \times 10^{- 6} u^{3.4}

In equation , the whitecap coverage could exceed 100% for wind speeds above 40 m/s, which is consistent with Komori et al (). The coupled model with the parameterization of Bao et al () has been used for numerical simulations regarding TCs, and the results were verified by using best track data (e.g., Wada, , ; Wada & Kunii, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It should be noted that the parameterization of Taylor and Yelland () was not verified when surface wind speeds exceed 25 m/s. However, the NHM and its atmosphere‐wave‐ocean coupled model have been used for many TC cases to understand roles of the ocean on TC predictions (e.g., Wada, , ; Wada et al, , , , ; Wada & Kunii, ). The present study uses the NHM and the coupled model to maintain consistency with these previous studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixed layer depth at the initial time was determined from oceanic reanalysis data based on the criterion that within the mixed layer the difference in density from the first level was <0.25 kg/m 3 , but the lower limit of the mixed layer was set to 200 m. The deepest thermocline depth was 600 m. These definitions are the same as those used by Wada ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Air‐Sea Environmental Conditions and Interfacial Processes on Extremely Intense Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

2018

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Typhoon Haiyan (2013) intensified rapidly and reached a central pressure of 895 hPa over the warm northwestern Pacific. To clarify why Haiyan became such an extraordinarily intense tropical cyclone (TC), we investigated the impacts of atmospheric and oceanic conditions and air‐sea interfacial processes on Haiyan's intensity. We performed ensemble experiments with many different initial oceanic conditions and a 7‐km‐mesh atmosphere‐wave‐ocean coupled model. We also performed sensitivity experiments to examine the impacts of sea spray and use of a 2‐km‐mesh horizontal resolution. Also, analogous experiments were performed with Typhoon Mike (1990), which followed a similar track but was less intense than Haiyan. For both TCs, ocean coupling helped alleviate uncertainty in the simulated intensities caused by different preexisting oceanic conditions. Increases in air‐sea latent heat fluxes helped increase the intensity of both TCs although the effect of sea spray depended on whitecap coverage. Preexisting oceanic conditions and air‐sea interfacial processes directly affected the secondary circulation via changes in latent heat fluxes and near‐surface moisture influxes. However, the 2‐km‐mesh resolution improved only Haiyan's simulation; the mean latent heat flux over the strength area was insufficient to simulate the intensity. It was easterly winds and specific humidity at 850 hPa that determined the small size, rapid translation, less sea surface cooling, and small decreases in latent heat fluxes beneath the frictional convergence area of simulated Haiyan. Understanding of the effect of preexisting oceanic conditions and air‐sea interfacial processes on simulated TCs will serve as a guideline for improvement of the atmosphere‐wave‐ocean coupled model.

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“…

W ((), u) = 3.8 \times 10^{- 6} u^{3.4}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Air‐Sea Environmental Conditions and Interfacial Processes on Extremely Intense Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

2018

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“…They point out that the effects exerted by the northeasterly monsoonal winds on the Kuroshio Current to the north of Okinawa Island in the autumn and early winter are of particular importance for the small meander that tends to occur in winter through early spring. Wada (2015) focuses on an unusual event of rapid typhoon intensification observed around the Kuroshio front to the south of Japan. Simulations with an atmospherewave-ocean model reveal a critical role in the rapid intensification and associated torrential rainfall.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Hot Spots” in the climate system—new developments in the extratropical ocean–atmosphere interaction research: a short review and an introduction

et al. 2015

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“…The amplitude of central pressure drop during the previous 6 h is relatively small in the midlatitudinal ocean during the redeveloping phase, at maximum 10 hPa for 6 h (e.g., Figures 13b and 13e) except in the case of Typhoon Man-yi (2013) [Wada, 2015b]. According to Yanase and Niino [2015], relatively low atmospheric temperature, strong atmospheric stratification, and strong vertical wind shear are responsible for TC weakening, although they address idealized TCs in the Southern Hemisphere summer season.…”

Section: Tc Intensification Processes and Atmospheric/oceanic Environmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reexamination of tropical cyclone heat potential in the western North Pacific

Wada

2016

JGR Atmospheres

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Tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP), a measure of the oceanic heat content from the surface to the 26°C isotherm depth, has been widely used for tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting and climatological studies. This study reexamines TCHP and the relation to TCs in the western North Pacific in view of the importance of the oceanic reference isothermal depth. Original TCHP is not applicable around the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension regions because the value is zero where sea surface temperature is below 26°C. Therefore, this study proposes an improved version of TCHP as new TCHP under relatively weak baroclinic conditions in the atmospheric environment during the TC season from July to November. The alternative oceanic reference isothermal temperature (TRef24) used to calculate new TCHP is determined based on 2 m dew point temperature or 24°C when it is lower than 24°C. We examine the relationship between TCHPs and changes in best track central pressures during the previous 6 h from 2002 to 2012. Relatively high new TCHP is associated with deep oceanic isotherm depth and the decrease in TRef24 around the Kuroshio region from September to November. Case studies for Typhoons Maemi (2003), Songda (2004), and Roke (2011) reveal that TCs could intensify/redevelop around the Ryukyu Islands over warm eddies revealed by high new TCHP, where original TCHP is relatively low. The results indicate that new TCHP can be a metric for TC intensification caused by wind‐induced surface heat exchange processes associated with atmospheric temperature and moisture near the surface and upper ocean stratification.

show abstract

Unusually rapid intensification of Typhoon Man-yi in 2013 under preexisting warm-water conditions near the Kuroshio front south of Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Effect of Air‐Sea Environmental Conditions and Interfacial Processes on Extremely Intense Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

Effect of Air‐Sea Environmental Conditions and Interfacial Processes on Extremely Intense Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

“Hot Spots” in the climate system—new developments in the extratropical ocean–atmosphere interaction research: a short review and an introduction

Reexamination of tropical cyclone heat potential in the western North Pacific

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