“…However, due to its comparatively lower commercial value, there is an immediate need for a more viable technological alternative to efficiently utilize glycerol. In fact, glycerol has garnered significant research attention due to its potential for conversion into valuable chemicals, including 1,1-propanol [2], 1,2-propanediol [2], 1,3-propanediol [2], acrolein [3,4], acrylic acid [4][5][6], and lactic acid [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among these products, lactic acid stands out as it has numerous potential applications not only in the realm of organic chemistry but also extent their reach into diverse fields such as bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergent, and etc [17,18].…”