Iron aerogels have been synthesized by microwave heating
for the
first time. Therefore, it is essential to optimize this synthesis
process to evaluate the possibility of obtaining nanometric materials
with tailored properties and fitting them to the needs of different
applications. Herein, the effect of the ratio between reagents and
the time of synthesis on the final textural, morphological, and structural
properties has been evaluated. The micro–meso–macroporosity
of the samples can be tailored by modifying the ratio between reagents,
whereas the time of synthesis has only a slight effect on the microporosity.
Both the proportion between reagents and the time of synthesis are
essential to controlling the nanometric morphology, making it possible
to obtain either cluster- or flake-type structures. Regarding the
chemical and structural composition, the samples are mainly composed
of iron(II) and iron(III) oxides. However, the percentage of iron(II)
can be modulated by changing the ratio between reagents, which implies
that it is possible to obtain materials from highly magnetic materials
to materials without magnetic properties. This control over the properties
of iron aerogels opens a new line of opportunities for the use of
this type of material in several fields of applications such as electrochemistry,
electrocatalysis, and electrical and electronic engineering.