Unveiling the physicochemical properties of natural Citrus aurantifolia crosslinked tapioca starch/nanocellulose bionanocomposites

Owi, Wei Tieng; Ong, Hui Lin; Sam, Sung Ting; Villagracia, Al Rey; Tsai, Cheng-Kuo; Hazizan, Akil

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111548

Cited by 43 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These results are consistent with CA acting as a plasticizer by increasing the elasticity while also acting as a crosslinker to improve the strength and decrease permeability. Owi et al (2019) did similar work in which they utilized CA-containing lime juice (3 to 20 wt%) as a crosslinking plasticizer for tapioca starch. This process also involved a second heating step after gelatinization to ensure effective crosslinking.…”

Section: Other Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in starch‐based films toward food packaging applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties

Lauer

Smith

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

126

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Interest in starch-based films has increased precipitously in response to a growing demand for more sustainable and environmentally sourced food packaging materials. Starch is an optimal candidate for these applications given its ability to form thermoplastic materials and films with affordable and often sustainably sourced plasticizers like those produced as waste byproducts by biodiesel and agricultural industries. Starch is also globally ubiquitous, affordable, and environmentally benign. Although the process of producing starch films is relatively straightforward, numerous factors, including starch source, extraction method, film formulation, processing methods, and curing procedures, drastically impact the ultimate material properties. The significant strides made from 2015 to early 2020 toward elucidating how these variables can be leveraged to improve mechanical and barrier properties as well as the implementation of various additives or procedural modifications are cataloged in this review. Advances toward the development of functional films containing antioxidant, antibacterial, or spoilage indicating components to prevent or signal the degradation of food products are also discussed.

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Section: Other Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owi et al. (2019) did similar work in which they utilized CA‐containing lime juice (3 to 20 wt%) as a crosslinking plasticizer for tapioca starch. This process also involved a second heating step after gelatinization to ensure effective crosslinking.…”

Section: Films With Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in starch‐based films toward food packaging applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties

Lauer

Smith

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

126

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“…53 It appeared that the structure of crosslinked composite film comprised of chitosan-CNF molecular structure with hydrogen bond, chitosan-chitosan molecular structure with ester bond, and CNF-CNF molecular structure with ester bond as shown in Figure 2. 34,41,54…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36][37][38][39] The water resistance, water vapor permeability, and mechanical properties of biopolymer such as protein, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) starch, chitosan, and cellulose were improved by CA crosslinking. [40][41][42] Moreover, the CA is non-toxic and safe to use in food and drug administration. 43 Hence, in this study the CA was used as a crosslinking agent for the production of composite films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of citric acid crosslinked chitosan‐cellulose nanofibrils composite films for packaging applications

Ponnusamy

Sundaram

Mani

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The inferior water vapor permeability and water resistance properties are the major challenges that hindered the development of chitosan-CNF composites for packaging applications. In this study, the chitosan-CNF composite films were prepared with in situ crosslinking of citric acid (CA) to reduce the percent water uptake (WU) and water vapor permeability (WVP). The composite films were produced by the solvent casting method with 10%, 15%, and 20% CNF as a reinforcement, 20%, 25%, and 30% CA as a crosslinker, and 20% glycerol as a plasticizer. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of composite films with a peak at 1710 cm À1 confirmed the effective crosslinking of citric acid on the chitosan-CNF matrix. The crosslinked composite films exhibited the lowest WU of 39% and WVP of 9.99 Â 10 À7 g/Pa s m 2 with reduced light transmittance due to CNF reinforcement. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study showed the smooth surface morphology of composite films. The CA crosslinking slightly decreased the tensile strength of composite films.However, the composite film with optimal CNF and CA concentration (25% and 20%, respectively) exhibited comparable tensile strength with other synthetic and biopolymer composites and can be used as a potential biopolymer composite for packaging applications.

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“…When lime juice was used as a cross-linking agent, the tensile strength of the composite film increased with the CNF content. Moreover, the composite film was found to be more elastic and have higher elongation at break, significantly improved transparency, and reduced moisture absorption [27]. Fitch-Vargas et al explored the influence of acetylated fiber and glycerin content on the mechanical, physical, and microstructural properties of acetylated corn-starch-based biocomposites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Cassava Residue Cellulose Nanofibril/Cassava Starch Composite Films

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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Because of its non-toxic, pollution-free, and low-cost advantages, environmentally-friendly packaging is receiving widespread attention. However, using simple technology to prepare environmentally-friendly packaging with excellent comprehensive performance is a difficult problem faced by the world. This paper reports a very simple and environmentally-friendly method. The hydroxyl groups of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were modified by introducing malic acid and the silane coupling agent KH-550, and the modified CNF were added to cassava starch as a reinforcing agent to prepare film with excellent mechanical, hydrophobic, and barrier properties. In addition, due to the addition of malic acid and a silane coupling agent, the dispersibility and thermal stability of the modified CNFs became significantly better. By adjusting the order of adding the modifiers, the hydrophobicity of the CNFs and thermal stability were increased by 53.5% and 36.9% ± 2.7%, respectively. At the same time, the addition of modified CNFs increased the tensile strength, hydrophobicity, and water vapor transmission coefficient of the starch-based composite films by 1034%, 129.4%, and 35.95%, respectively. This material can be widely used in the packaging of food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medical consumables.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 755 2 of 19 starch films, researchers have often added different types of enhancers to starch film to improve its strength [11][12][13][14]. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) has become an ideal starch film enhancer due to its low cost, low density, renewability, recyclability, high surface area, chemical reactivity, strength, modulus, elasticity, transparency, tensile rigidity, light weight, low thermal expansion, and biodegradability (due to its nano-size characteristics) [15][16][17].Cellulose nanofibril comes from various sources of natural fibers, such as cotton, wood, corn cobs, sisal, wheat straw, flax, bamboo, rice husks, pea husks, coconut shells, bagasse, and cassava residues. However, CNF is hydrophilic and absorbs moisture when exposed [18]. Therefore, the surface hydrophobicity of CNF can be changed using various chemical modification techniques, thereby improving the compatibility and dispersibility of CNF in specific solvents [19]. Through phosphorylation, carboxymethylation, oxidation and sulfonation reactions, ionic charge can be introduced to the surface of cellulose [20-23]; esterification, silylation, amidation, urethanation, and etherification can make the cellulose surface hydrophobic [24][25][26]. In summary, no matter what surface chemistry is ultimately required, the modification technology depends almost entirely on the reaction of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CNF. The challenge for these chemical modification technologies is to change only the surface of the CNF, maintaining its original morphology and the complex structure of its internal hydroxyl groups.Wei et al. extracted CNF from oil palm waste by acid hydrolysis using natural lime juice as a cross-linking agent. The struc...

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Unveiling the physicochemical properties of natural Citrus aurantifolia crosslinked tapioca starch/nanocellulose bionanocomposites

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

Recent advances in starch‐based films toward food packaging applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties

Recent advances in starch‐based films toward food packaging applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties

Preparation and characterization of citric acid crosslinked chitosan‐cellulose nanofibrils composite films for packaging applications

Preparation and Properties of Cassava Residue Cellulose Nanofibril/Cassava Starch Composite Films

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