Unveiling the Presence of Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in the Hadal Trenches of the Western Pacific Ocean

Abstract

This study delves into the unexplored distribution and accumulation of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), pervasive industrial contaminants used as flame retardants and plasticizers, within the hadal trenches, some of Earth’s most isolated marine ecosystems. Analysis of sediments from the Mussau (MS) and Mariana trench (MT) reveals notably high total CP concentrations (∑SCCPs + ∑MCCPs) of 10,963 and 14,554 ng g–1 dw, respectively, surpassing those in a reference site in the western Pacific abyssal plain (8533 ng g–1 dw). In contrast, the New Britain Trench (NBT) exhibits the lowest concentrations (2213–5880 ng g–1 dw), where CP distribution correlates with clay content, δ13C and δ15N values, but little with total organic carbon and depth. Additionally, amphipods from these trenches display varying CP levels, with MS amphipods reaching concerning concentrations (8681–16,138 ng g–1 lw), while amphipods in the MT-1 site show the lowest (4414–5010 ng g–1 lw). These bioaccumulation trends appear to be primarily influenced by feeding behaviors (δ13C) and trophic levels (δ15N). Utilizing biota-sediment accumulation factor values and principal component analysis, we discern that CPs in sediment may come from surface-derived particulate organic matters, while those in amphipods may come from the above carrion. Our findings elucidate the profound impacts of the emerging pollutants on the Earth’s least explored marine ecosystems.